Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

Where does gas exchange between air and blood take place in the lungs?

1. AIn the trachea
2. BIn the alveoli
3. CIn the main bronchi
4. DIn the pleural space

What is an aneurysm?

1. AA tear in the inner lining of a vein
2. BAn abnormal bulging of a weakened artery wall
3. CA complete blockage of an artery by plaque
4. DA blood clot in a deep vein

On spirometry, what is the forced vital capacity (FVC)?

1. AThe total volume blown out forcefully after a full breath in
2. BThe volume of one normal resting breath
3. CThe volume of air blown out in the first second of the test only
4. DThe volume of air that is left in the lungs after breathing out

A patient with a mechanical heart valve asks to switch from warfarin to apixaban. What is the correct response?

1. AAny anticoagulant works equally well once the valve is in place
2. BAspirin alone can replace warfarin once the valve has healed
3. CDirect oral anticoagulants are not used for mechanical valves
4. DMechanical valves do not need anticoagulation after the first month

Why is a beta-blocker started at a low dose and increased slowly in heart failure?

1. AIt must be stopped as soon as symptoms improve
2. BIt works only if the dose is never changed after the first day
3. CIt can briefly worsen symptoms before long-term benefit appears
4. DIt is safe only at the highest possible dose from the very start

Why is a higher level of HDL cholesterol considered protective?

1. AHDL is converted into vitamin D in the walls of the arteries
2. BHDL lowers the blood pressure directly
3. CHDL carries cholesterol from the tissues back to the liver
4. DHDL thins the blood in the same way as an anticoagulant

After intubation, breath sounds are heard on the right side of the chest but not the left. What is the most likely cause?

1. AThe tube cuff has burst during insertion
2. BThe tube has entered the right main bronchus
3. CThe tube has entered the oesophagus
4. DThe left lung has completely filled with fluid

Mengapa humidifikasi digunakan pada oksigen aliran tinggi?

1. AUap air menyaring bakteri dari pasokan oksigen
2. BHumidifikasi mencegah berkembangnya toksisitas oksigen
3. CGas kering pada aliran tinggi mengeringkan saluran napas dan mengentalkan sekret
4. DGas yang dilembapkan membawa lebih banyak oksigen per liter daripada gas kering