Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

Which definition best describes heart failure?

1. AThe heart beats faster than 150 beats per minute for over an hour
2. BThe heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs
3. CThe heart has completely stopped beating and there is no pulse
4. DA coronary artery is suddenly blocked by a clot

Apa yang dimaksud dengan "berayun" (tidaling) pada bilik segel air drainase dada?

1. APermukaan cairan naik turun mengikuti pernapasan
2. BBekuan darah bergerak di sepanjang selang drainase
3. CGelembung terus-menerus, baik pasien bernapas maupun tidak
4. DUnit drainase bergoyang saat pasien berjalan

Kelompok temuan mana yang khas untuk pneumonia bakteri?

1. AMengi yang hilang sepenuhnya dalam hitungan menit setelah inhaler pelega
2. BDemam, batuk berdahak, dan krepitasi di satu area
3. CNyeri dada mendadak dengan paru bersih dan tanpa demam
4. DDada seperti tong dan sesak napas selama bertahun-tahun

How does varenicline help people stop smoking?

1. AIt makes cigarettes taste of metal so smoking feels unpleasant
2. BIt speeds the clearance of nicotine by the liver
3. CIt partly stimulates and partly blocks nicotine receptors
4. DIt replaces nicotine through the skin, like a nicotine patch

Where is the V1 electrode placed for a 12-lead ECG?

1. AOver the left nipple
2. BJust below the left collarbone
3. CThe fifth intercostal space in the mid-axillary line
4. DThe fourth intercostal space just right of the sternum

Seorang pasien yang mengonsumsi warfarin mulai makan salad bayam dan kale dalam jumlah besar setiap hari. Apa kekhawatiran utamanya?

1. ATidak ada interaksi antara makanan dan warfarin
2. BVitamin K tambahan dapat menurunkan INR
3. CVitamin K tambahan dapat meningkatkan INR
4. DSayuran hijau merusak hati pada pengguna warfarin

A patient with severe aortic stenosis is prescribed glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) for chest pain. Why should the nurse use particular caution?

1. AGTN makes the narrowed aortic valve tighten further within a few minutes
2. BGTN raises the blood pressure dangerously in aortic stenosis
3. CVasodilators can cause a severe fall in BP with a fixed outflow obstruction
4. DThere is no reason for caution, because GTN acts only on the coronary arteries

After six weeks of treatment for tuberculosis, a patient has nausea, dark urine and yellow eyes. What should the nurse do?

1. AWithhold the next doses and report urgently for liver tests
2. BReassure the patient that the urine colour is due to rifampicin
3. CDouble the isoniazid dose to clear the infection faster
4. DAdvise taking the tablets with an alcoholic drink to settle the stomach