Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

Pemeriksaan darah mana yang paling spesifik untuk kerusakan otot jantung?

1. ALaktat dehidrogenase
2. BKreatin kinase (total)
3. CProtein C-reaktif
4. DTroponin jantung

What does the term "dyspnoea" mean?

1. AA complete stop in breathing lasting over 10 seconds
2. BA breathing rate above 20 breaths per minute at rest
3. CBreathing that is deeper than normal
4. DThe feeling of difficult or uncomfortable breathing

When is pneumonia classed as hospital-acquired?

1. AWhen it starts within the first hour after admission
2. BWhen it starts 48 hours or more after admission
3. COnly when it is caused by a virus
4. DWhen the patient had symptoms before admission

Which finding shows that long-standing hypertension has caused target organ damage?

1. AA normal fasting glucose
2. BClear lung fields on the chest X-ray
3. CA heart rate of 72/min
4. DLeft ventricular hypertrophy on the ECG

A patient with a mechanical heart valve asks to switch from warfarin to apixaban. What is the correct response?

1. ADirect oral anticoagulants are not used for mechanical valves
2. BAny anticoagulant works equally well once the valve is in place
3. CAspirin alone can replace warfarin once the valve has healed
4. DMechanical valves do not need anticoagulation after the first month

Dua hari setelah infark miokard, seorang pasien mengalami sesak napas mendadak, krepitasi, dan murmur sistolik keras yang baru. Komplikasi mana yang harus dicurigai?

1. AEmboli paru akibat tirah baring berkepanjangan
2. BEpisode baru angina stabil akibat stres
3. CRuptur otot papilaris dengan regurgitasi mitral akut
4. DPerikarditis pasca-infark yang menyebabkan gesekan perikardium

A patient on an unfractionated heparin infusion has a nosebleed that will not stop, and the aPTT is far above the target range. What is the most appropriate action?

1. AGive vitamin K and continue the infusion at a slightly lower rate
2. BIncrease the infusion, as the aPTT will settle
3. CStop the infusion, inform the prescriber and anticipate protamine
4. DContinue the infusion at the same rate and pack the nose firmly

A patient with obstructive sleep apnoea who uses CPAP at home is having surgery. Which plan is safest after the operation?

1. ANurse the patient lying flat on their back to keep the airway open
2. BGive extra opioids so the patient sleeps through the night
3. CUse their CPAP machine and monitor closely, using opioids with caution
4. DLeave the CPAP machine at home, as it is not needed while in hospital