Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

How is most oxygen carried in the blood?

1. ABound to albumin and other plasma proteins
2. BDissolved freely in the plasma water
3. CCarried as bicarbonate ions in the plasma
4. DBound to haemoglobin in red blood cells

What does the term "hypoxaemia" mean?

1. AA fast breathing rate with normal oxygen
2. BA high level of carbon dioxide in the blood
3. CA low level of haemoglobin in the blood
4. DA low level of oxygen in the arterial blood

How is cardiac output calculated?

1. AStroke volume divided by heart rate
2. BSystolic pressure minus diastolic pressure
3. CMean arterial pressure multiplied by heart rate
4. DHeart rate multiplied by stroke volume

A patient on nasal cannula oxygen breathes mainly through the mouth. What is the most accurate statement?

1. AThe flow must be increased to 15 L/min to make it work at all
2. BIt has no effect at all in mouth breathers and must be stopped
3. CThe cannula should be placed in the mouth
4. DIt can still work, because oxygen collects in the nasopharynx

A patient's ankle–brachial pressure index (ABPI) is 0,6. What does this suggest?

1. ANormal leg circulation
2. BSignificant peripheral arterial disease
3. CA deep vein thrombosis
4. DStiff, calcified arteries that read falsely high

A patient with diabetes is starting a beta-blocker. What should the nurse teach about hypoglycaemia?

1. AThe beta-blocker will prevent all episodes of hypoglycaemia
2. BHypoglycaemia will always cause a very slow and weak pulse
3. CInsulin should be stopped while taking a beta-blocker
4. DSome warning signs, such as a fast heartbeat, may be masked

A patient with asthma needs their reliever every three hours and their peak flow is falling well below their personal best. What does their action plan most likely advise?

1. AFollow the worsening-asthma steps and get a same-day review
2. BWait two weeks to see whether it improves without any change
3. CStop the preventer inhaler for a few days to rest the lungs
4. DDo extra exercise to open the airways

After a fall onto the chest, part of a patient's chest wall moves inward when they breathe in and outward when they breathe out. What does this indicate?

1. ANormal chest movement caused by pain on breathing
2. BA flail chest from ribs broken in more than one place
3. CA single simple rib fracture with no lung injury
4. DA large pleural effusion pressing on the chest wall