Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

Mengapa pernapasan bibir mencucu (pursed-lip breathing) diajarkan kepada pasien PPOK?

1. AMeningkatkan kandungan oksigen udara yang dihirup
2. BMenguatkan diafragma saat inhalasi
3. CMenjaga saluran napas kecil tetap terbuka saat ekshalasi
4. DMengurangi dorongan untuk batuk pada siang hari

What does "pleuritic" chest pain mean?

1. AAching that is worse when the arm is moved
2. BDull pressure that spreads to the jaw on exertion
3. CBurning pain behind the breastbone after meals
4. DSharp pain that worsens on breathing in or coughing

Posisi mana yang biasanya membantu pasien dengan eksaserbasi akut PPOK bernapas lebih mudah?

1. ABerbaring miring dengan kepala lebih rendah
2. BBerbaring tengkurap di kasur yang keras
3. CDuduk tegak, condong ke depan dengan lengan ditopang
4. DBerbaring telentang datar dengan kedua tungkai diangkat di atas bantal

A patient with heart failure takes furosemide once a day. When is the best time to take it?

1. AIn the morning, to avoid needing the toilet at night
2. BJust before the evening meal, with a large drink
3. CAt bedtime, so the effect lasts through the night
4. DWhenever the ankles look swollen, on those days only

A patient with bronchiectasis of the right lower lobe is taught postural drainage. How should they be positioned?

1. ASitting fully upright at all times
2. BWith the affected lobe uppermost so gravity drains it
3. CFlat on the back with the arms raised
4. DWith the affected lobe lowest so it fills with mucus

A patient takes both digoxin and furosemide. Why does the nurse watch the potassium level closely?

1. AHigh potassium is the main effect of furosemide
2. BLow potassium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity
3. CPotassium has no link with either medicine
4. DLow potassium makes digoxin stop working completely

As the defibrillator charges, a nurse sees a colleague still holding the patient's bed rail. What should the nurse do?

1. ADeliver the shock now, as the bed rail is not part of the patient
2. BCall clearly for everyone to stand clear and check before the shock
3. CAsk the colleague to hold the patient's hand instead
4. DTurn off the defibrillator and start a new cycle of CPR

The monitor of a patient with a permanent pacemaker shows pacing spikes, but none of them is followed by a QRS complex. What does this mean?

1. AFailure to capture
2. BAtrial fibrillation
3. CFailure to sense
4. DNormal pacemaker function