Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

What is the normal resting respiratory rate for an adult?

1. A30–40 breaths per minute
2. B24–30 breaths per minute
3. C6–10 breaths per minute
4. D12–20 breaths per minute

Which precautions are needed for a patient with suspected infectious pulmonary tuberculosis?

1. AStandard precautions only
2. BAirborne precautions with a respirator mask
3. CContact precautions with gloves only
4. DProtective isolation for the patient's own sake

Which sign often appears earliest in hypovolaemic shock in an adult?

1. AA rising heart rate
2. BA systolic pressure below 70 mmHg
3. CFixed, dilated pupils
4. DA slow, bounding pulse

During an episode of chest pain, a patient's ECG shows new horizontal ST depression. What does this most likely indicate?

1. AA normal finding during pain
2. BMyocardial ischaemia
3. CPericarditis
4. DHyperkalaemia

A peripheral cannula site is red, warm, tender and swollen along the vein. What should the nurse do?

1. ALeave it in place, as this is normal after 24 hours
2. BFlush the cannula hard to clear it
3. CRemove the cannula, document and monitor the site
4. DCover the site and keep using it until it blocks

A patient's blood pressure is high in clinic but normal on home readings. Which step best confirms the diagnosis?

1. AStarting two antihypertensive drugs at once at full dose
2. BA chest X-ray
3. CAmbulatory or structured home blood pressure monitoring
4. DA single repeat reading in the same clinic visit

A patient with end-stage COPD has severe breathlessness at rest despite optimal treatment and wants comfort-focused care. Which measure is recognised to help?

1. AA low-dose opioid with a hand-held fan and calm positioning
2. BEncouraging long walks to build fitness
3. CStopping all medicines, including inhalers
4. DHigh-flow oxygen at 15 L/min whatever the oxygen saturation is

Shortly after a thoracentesis, a patient becomes breathless with sharp chest pain and reduced breath sounds on the same side. What complication is most likely?

1. ARe-accumulation of the effusion
2. BPulmonary embolism from the leg
3. CPneumothorax
4. DInfection at the puncture site