Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

Which side effects are common after inhaled salbutamol (albuterol)?

1. AConstipation and dry eyes
2. BFine tremor and a fast heart rate
3. CWeight gain and ankle swelling
4. DDrowsiness and a slow heart rate

What is an embolus?

1. AA narrowing of an artery caused by a build-up of fatty plaque
2. BA clot or other mass that travels in the blood and lodges elsewhere
3. CA clot that stays fixed in the vessel where it first formed
4. DA bulge in the weakened wall of an artery that may rupture

Which side effect is particularly linked with spironolactone in men?

1. ABreast enlargement (gynaecomastia)
2. BA persistent dry, tickly cough
3. CHair loss on the scalp and eyebrows
4. DOrange-red colouring of the urine

Which patient is most typical of a primary spontaneous pneumothorax?

1. AA middle-aged woman with high blood pressure
2. BA tall, thin young man who smokes
3. CAn older woman with long-standing heart failure
4. DA child with a viral sore throat

A patient has a prosthetic heart valve. Which teaching best reduces the risk of infective endocarditis?

1. AAvoid eating dairy products and raw vegetables
2. BTake a daily antibiotic tablet indefinitely
3. CKeep teeth and gums healthy with regular dental check-ups
4. DAvoid all physical exercise for the rest of their life

A patient with stable angina is afraid nicotine patches will harm their heart. Which reply is most accurate?

1. APeople with angina must stop smoking without any help
2. BNicotine replacement is much safer than smoking and is recommended
3. CNicotine replacement only works if smoking continues
4. DNicotine patches are much more harmful to the heart than cigarettes

A patient receiving weeks of IV antibiotics through a PICC line in the left arm develops swelling and aching of that arm and neck veins that look fuller on the left. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AA catheter-related deep vein thrombosis
2. BAn expected effect of the antibiotic
3. CLymphoedema from lying in bed
4. DA local skin allergy to the dressing

Why is the cuff pressure of an endotracheal or tracheostomy tube checked regularly?

1. AThe cuff pressure sets the ventilator's breathing rate
2. BThe cuff pressure directly controls the patient's oxygen saturation
3. CThe cuff must be kept fully deflated in every ventilated patient
4. DToo high a pressure damages the trachea; too low allows aspiration