Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

Which side effect is typical of ACE inhibitors such as ramipril or lisinopril?

1. AA fast, irregular heart rate
2. BSwelling of both ankles
3. CA productive cough with green sputum
4. DA persistent dry cough

Which test is used to screen for an abdominal aortic aneurysm?

1. AA resting 12-lead ECG
2. BA plain chest X-ray
3. CA peak expiratory flow test
4. DAn abdominal ultrasound scan

What does "hypovolaemia" mean?

1. AA low level of sodium in the blood
2. BA high level of fluid in the tissues
3. CA reduced volume of blood in the circulation
4. DA low level of haemoglobin with a normal blood volume

A peripheral cannula site is red, warm, tender and swollen along the vein. What should the nurse do?

1. ACover the site and keep using it until it blocks
2. BRemove the cannula, document and monitor the site
3. CLeave it in place, as this is normal after 24 hours
4. DFlush the cannula hard to clear it

Why must inspired air be humidified for a patient with a tracheostomy?

1. AHumidification prevents the cuff from deflating
2. BThe nose and upper airway, which warm and moisten air, are bypassed
3. CHumidified air contains more oxygen than dry air at the same flow
4. DDry air is needed to stop secretions forming in the trachea

A patient taking simvastatin drinks a large glass of grapefruit juice every morning. Why is this a concern?

1. AIt causes the cholesterol level to rise sharply
2. BIt turns the statin into a blood thinner
3. CIt stops the statin from being absorbed from the gut at all
4. DIt raises statin levels and the risk of muscle damage

A patient with a valid, documented do-not-attempt-CPR decision (DNACPR in the UK, DNR or DNAR in the US) is found in cardiac arrest. What should the nurse do?

1. AStart full CPR because the patient's family is not present
2. BNot start CPR, call for support, and provide dignity and comfort
3. CCall the arrest team and let them decide whether to resuscitate
4. DStart CPR but use only chest compressions

A patient has sudden severe chest pain spreading to the back between the shoulder blades. Which finding most supports aortic dissection rather than myocardial infarction?

1. ASweating, nausea and pallor that started with the pain
2. BPain that started at rest
3. CA heart rate of 104/min and a respiratory rate of 22/min
4. DA large difference in blood pressure between the arms