Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

Dua kondisi mana yang termasuk dalam penyakit paru obstruktif kronik (PPOK)?

1. AAsma dan pneumonia
2. BEmfisema dan bronkitis kronis
3. CFibrosis paru dan sarkoidosis
4. DBronkiektasis dan fibrosis kistik

How is cystic fibrosis inherited?

1. AIt is not inherited
2. BAutosomal recessive
3. CAutosomal dominant
4. DX-linked recessive

In a healthy person, what is the main chemical stimulus for breathing?

1. AA falling level of potassium in the blood
2. BA rising level of oxygen in the blood
3. CA falling level of glucose in the blood after fasting
4. DA rising level of carbon dioxide in the blood

Why is a non-selective beta-blocker such as propranolol usually avoided in a patient with asthma?

1. AIt raises the heart rate sharply during an acute asthma attack
2. BIt thickens airway mucus by drying the airways
3. CIt can cause bronchospasm by blocking beta-2 receptors
4. DIt makes inhaled corticosteroids work too strongly

A patient with a regular narrow-complex tachycardia of 180/min is alert with a normal blood pressure. What is usually tried first?

1. AAn immediate unsynchronised shock with the defibrillator
2. BChest compressions until the rate slows
3. CVagal manoeuvres such as a modified Valsalva
4. DA large oral dose of digoxin

Bilik segel air drainase dada menggelembung terus-menerus, bahkan saat pasien tidak batuk. Apa yang ditunjukkan hal ini?

1. ADrain tersumbat bekuan di selang
2. BSumber hisapan telah dimatikan
3. CParu telah mengembang penuh dan drain siap dilepas
4. DKebocoran udara dari paru atau dari sistem drainase

A patient with heart failure wakes extremely breathless, coughing pink frothy sputum. BP is 168/96 mmHg and SpO₂ 86%. Help has been called. What is the best initial nursing action?

1. AEncourage the patient to walk to ease the breathing
2. BLie the patient flat with the legs raised on pillows
3. CSit the patient upright with the legs down and give oxygen
4. DGive a large IV fluid bolus to support the circulation

Empat jam setelah PCI melalui arteri femoralis, balutan selangkangan basah oleh darah dan pembengkakan keras membesar. Apa tindakan segera?

1. AMelepas balutan dan membiarkan lokasi terbuka ke udara
2. BMenaikkan kecepatan infus heparin agar tidak ada bekuan di lokasi tersebut
3. CMembantu pasien duduk dan berjalan ke toilet untuk berkemih
4. DMemberikan tekanan kuat tepat di atas lokasi tusukan dan meminta bantuan