Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

How is cystic fibrosis inherited?

1. AAutosomal dominant
2. BAutosomal recessive
3. CIt is not inherited
4. DX-linked recessive

How is most oxygen carried in the blood?

1. ABound to haemoglobin in red blood cells
2. BCarried as bicarbonate ions in the plasma
3. CDissolved freely in the plasma water
4. DBound to albumin and other plasma proteins

Which side effect is typical of an inhaled long-acting antimuscarinic such as tiotropium?

1. ADiarrhoea
2. BOral thrush
3. CDry mouth
4. DWeight gain

Why is active tuberculosis treated with several drugs for at least six months?

1. ATo kill slow-growing bacteria and prevent drug resistance
2. BBecause each drug works on a different organ only
3. CBecause the bacteria are resistant to all drugs at first
4. DTo reduce the number of side effects compared with one drug

A patient has a prosthetic heart valve. Which teaching best reduces the risk of infective endocarditis?

1. AKeep teeth and gums healthy with regular dental check-ups
2. BAvoid eating dairy products and raw vegetables
3. CAvoid all physical exercise for the rest of their life
4. DTake a daily antibiotic tablet indefinitely

A patient who had a stroke has a weak swallow. Which measure most reduces the risk of aspiration pneumonia?

1. ALying flat for 30 minutes after eating to aid digestion
2. BGiving thin fluids quickly through a straw between meals
3. CA swallowing assessment and sitting upright for meals
4. DGiving meals while the patient is drowsy

A patient with a COPD exacerbation has been on NIV for two hours. They are now more drowsy, and the pH has fallen further despite a good mask fit. What should the nurse do?

1. AEscalate urgently for review of intubation or a ceiling of care
2. BRemove the mask and give nebulised bronchodilators only from now on
3. CContinue NIV unchanged and repeat the blood gas tomorrow morning
4. DGive a sedative to help the patient tolerate the mask

Satu jam setelah operasi jantung, drain dada mediastinum telah mengalirkan 350 mL darah merah terang dan denyut jantung meningkat. Apa yang harus dilakukan perawat?

1. ASegera melaporkannya kepada tim bedah
2. BMemerah selang dengan keras setiap lima menit
3. CMencatat volume dan melanjutkan pemeriksaan setiap jam
4. DMengklem drain untuk menghentikan kehilangan darah lebih lanjut