Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

In a healthy person, what is the main chemical stimulus for breathing?

1. AA falling level of potassium in the blood
2. BA falling level of glucose in the blood after fasting
3. CA rising level of carbon dioxide in the blood
4. DA rising level of oxygen in the blood

In pericarditis, which structure is inflamed?

1. AThe heart muscle itself
2. BThe sac that surrounds the heart
3. CThe inner lining of the heart chambers
4. DThe coronary arteries

Temuan mana yang paling khas untuk gagal jantung kanan?

1. ASesak napas hanya saat berbaring datar
2. BDahak berbusa merah muda dan krepitasi halus di kedua dasar paru
3. CEdema dependen dan tekanan vena jugularis yang meningkat
4. DTerbangun pada malam hari dengan terengah-engah

A patient is starting doxazosin, an alpha-blocker, for hypertension. Which advice is most important?

1. AAvoid all potassium-containing foods
2. BStop it suddenly if the heart rate rises after the first few doses
3. CTake it with a large glass of grapefruit juice to improve absorption
4. DTake the first dose at bedtime, as dizziness and fainting can occur

Which investigation is most often used to confirm a pulmonary embolism?

1. APeak flow measurement
2. BSputum culture
3. CCT pulmonary angiography
4. DAbdominal ultrasound

A patient with bronchiectasis of the right lower lobe is taught postural drainage. How should they be positioned?

1. AWith the affected lobe uppermost so gravity drains it
2. BWith the affected lobe lowest so it fills with mucus
3. CSitting fully upright at all times
4. DFlat on the back with the arms raised

Seorang pasien eksaserbasi akut PPOK yang meretensi CO₂ diresepkan bronkodilator nebulisasi. Bagaimana nebulizer biasanya digerakkan?

1. ATanpa aliran gas, dengan meminta pasien bernapas dalam
2. BDengan udara terkompresi, ditambah oksigen terkontrol melalui kanula hidung
3. CDengan oksigen 6–8 L/menit tanpa pemantauan saturasi
4. DDengan oksigen 15 L/menit selama mungkin

A one-way speaking valve is fitted to a patient's tracheostomy tube while the cuff is still inflated. What is the danger?

1. AThe valve will humidify the air too much
2. BThe patient will speak too loudly
3. CThere is no danger, as the valve works with any cuff
4. DThe patient cannot breathe out and may suffocate