Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

What does "hypovolaemia" mean?

1. AA low level of haemoglobin with a normal blood volume
2. BA low level of sodium in the blood
3. CA high level of fluid in the tissues
4. DA reduced volume of blood in the circulation

What does a positive tuberculin skin test or interferon-gamma release assay show?

1. AActive, infectious TB of the lungs that needs isolation now
2. BComplete, lifelong immunity to TB after a previous vaccine
3. CInfection with TB at some time, not necessarily active disease
4. DThat the patient has never met TB

How does montelukast work in asthma?

1. AIt stimulates beta-2 receptors in the airways
2. BIt thins mucus by breaking down DNA
3. CIt blocks leukotriene receptors in the airways
4. DIt kills bacteria in the bronchi

A peripheral cannula site is red, warm, tender and swollen along the vein. What should the nurse do?

1. ARemove the cannula, document and monitor the site
2. BLeave it in place, as this is normal after 24 hours
3. CFlush the cannula hard to clear it
4. DCover the site and keep using it until it blocks

Mengapa nitrat digunakan dengan sangat hati-hati pada infark ventrikel kanan?

1. AVentrikel kanan bergantung pada preload, sehingga tekanan darah dapat turun tajam
2. BNitrat membuat infark meluas ke ventrikel kiri
3. CNitrat menyebabkan hiperkalemia berbahaya pada jenis infark ini
4. DNitrat tidak diserap bila ventrikel kanan terkena

A patient with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator asks what to do if it fires. Which teaching is correct?

1. ARemove the device battery at home if it fires more than once
2. BOne shock and well: contact the device clinic; repeated shocks or unwell: call emergency services
3. CIgnore any shock at all, because the device is designed to fire every day and needs no follow-up
4. DDrive straight to hospital alone after any shock so the device can be checked by the team

Seconds after an intramuscular injection, a patient becomes pale, sweaty and faint, with a heart rate of 48/min. There is no rash, wheeze or swelling, and they recover quickly when laid flat. What is the most likely cause?

1. AAnaphylaxis
2. BA vasovagal reaction
3. CA myocardial infarction
4. DA tension pneumothorax

Satu jam setelah operasi jantung, drain dada mediastinum telah mengalirkan 350 mL darah merah terang dan denyut jantung meningkat. Apa yang harus dilakukan perawat?

1. AMencatat volume dan melanjutkan pemeriksaan setiap jam
2. BSegera melaporkannya kepada tim bedah
3. CMemerah selang dengan keras setiap lima menit
4. DMengklem drain untuk menghentikan kehilangan darah lebih lanjut