Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

How does montelukast work in asthma?

1. AIt thins mucus by breaking down DNA
2. BIt blocks leukotriene receptors in the airways
3. CIt stimulates beta-2 receptors in the airways
4. DIt kills bacteria in the bronchi

Rust-coloured sputum is classically linked with which infection?

1. AA viral common cold
2. BAllergic rhinitis
3. CPneumococcal pneumonia
4. DOral thrush

Which three symptoms are classic in severe aortic stenosis?

1. AFever, painful swollen joints and a spreading skin rash
2. BExertional chest pain, fainting and breathlessness
3. CCalf pain, leg swelling and redness of one leg
4. DWheeze, cough and clear sputum

A patient takes both digoxin and furosemide. Why does the nurse watch the potassium level closely?

1. AHigh potassium is the main effect of furosemide
2. BLow potassium makes digoxin stop working completely
3. CPotassium has no link with either medicine
4. DLow potassium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity

Seorang pasien dengan stroke baru dan kesulitan menelan mengalami demam dan krepitasi lobus bawah kanan. Apa penyebab yang paling mungkin?

1. AEmboli paru
2. BPneumonia aspirasi
3. CGagal ventrikel kiri
4. DAsma akut

Why is a beta-blocker started at a low dose and increased slowly in heart failure?

1. AIt can briefly worsen symptoms before long-term benefit appears
2. BIt is safe only at the highest possible dose from the very start
3. CIt must be stopped as soon as symptoms improve
4. DIt works only if the dose is never changed after the first day

A patient with a confirmed type A aortic dissection is hypertensive and tachycardic while awaiting surgery. Which drug class is usually given first to lower the heart rate and blood pressure?

1. AOral aspirin
2. BAn intravenous beta-blocker
3. CAn intravenous fluid bolus
4. DAn intravenous thrombolytic

A patient with a stab wound to the chest has a hole that sucks air with each breath. What is the immediate management?

1. ASeal it completely with tape on all four sides and leave it alone
2. BPack the wound tightly with gauze pushed deep into the chest
3. CCover it with a vented chest seal or a dressing taped on three sides
4. DLeave it open and give a nebuliser