Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

Apa keunggulan utama masker Venturi?

1. AMemberikan oksigen 100% kepada pasien
2. BMemberikan konsentrasi oksigen yang tetap dan tepat
3. CSatu-satunya masker yang menghangatkan dan melembapkan oksigen
4. DBekerja tanpa pasokan oksigen

Drug names ending in "-olol", such as bisoprolol and atenolol, belong to which class?

1. ABeta-blockers
2. BLoop diuretics
3. CACE inhibitors
4. DCalcium channel blockers

What is the main role of the delay at the atrioventricular (AV) node?

1. AIt gives the ventricles time to fill before they contract
2. BIt starts each heartbeat by firing faster than the SA node
3. CIt closes the aortic valve
4. DIt speeds the impulse to the ventricles so they beat sooner

After an above-knee amputation, which measure helps prevent a hip flexion contracture?

1. ALying prone for periods and avoiding pillows under the stump
2. BKeeping a pillow under the stump at all times, day and night
3. CKeeping the hip bent to reduce stump swelling
4. DSitting in a chair for most of the day with the hips bent

Which energy-conservation advice is most useful for a patient with severe COPD?

1. ASit down for tasks such as washing and dressing, and pace activities
2. BHold the breath while lifting heavy objects
3. CAvoid any activity at all, staying in a chair to save their energy
4. DDo all the household tasks quickly in the morning to get them done

What is the main difference between CPAP and bilevel NIV (often called BiPAP)?

1. ACPAP is given only through a tracheostomy
2. BBilevel NIV gives oxygen only, without any positive airway pressure
3. CCPAP is mainly used to lower a raised PaCO₂ in COPD exacerbations
4. DBilevel NIV adds a higher inspiratory pressure, helping remove CO₂

Drainase dada pasien tidak sengaja tercabut. Apa tindakan segera?

1. AMenutup lokasi dengan balutan oklusif steril dan meminta bantuan
2. BMendorong drain kembali ke dada dan mengamankannya dengan plester
3. CMeminta pasien batuk kuat untuk mengembangkan paru
4. DMembiarkan lubang terbuka agar udara terperangkap dapat keluar

A patient who has had a total laryngectomy becomes breathless and needs oxygen. How should it be given?

1. AVia a non-rebreather mask over the mouth only
2. BVia nasal cannula at 2 L/min
3. CVia a standard face mask over the nose and mouth
4. DVia a mask or humidified device over the neck stoma