Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

What does "hypovolaemia" mean?

1. AA reduced volume of blood in the circulation
2. BA low level of sodium in the blood
3. CA low level of haemoglobin with a normal blood volume
4. DA high level of fluid in the tissues

Which type of leg ulcer is most common?

1. AUlcers from spider bites
2. BMalignant ulcers
3. CVenous ulcers
4. DArterial ulcers

What does central cyanosis of the lips and tongue indicate?

1. ACold hands caused by the room, with normal oxygen levels
2. BLow oxygen saturation of the arterial blood
3. CNormal findings in older adults
4. DA high haemoglobin level only

A patient has exercise-induced asthma. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. AAvoid all forms of exercise permanently to prevent attacks
2. BUse the reliever inhaler shortly before exercise and warm up
3. CTake a beta-blocker before exercise
4. DExercise only in cold, dry air to toughen the airways

Rheumatic heart disease most often follows which infection?

1. AStaphylococcal infection of the skin
2. BA viral infection of the upper airway
3. CA group A streptococcal throat infection
4. DA fungal infection of the lungs

A patient's capillary refill time at the fingertip is 4 seconds. What does this suggest?

1. AReduced peripheral perfusion
2. BAn unusually strong cardiac output
3. CA high haemoglobin level
4. DNormal peripheral perfusion

A nurse teaches a patient with heart failure who takes ramipril and spironolactone. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will weigh myself every morning after I go to the toilet."
2. B"I will avoid ibuprofen for my joint pain."
3. C"I will call if I gain weight quickly or get more breathless."
4. D"I will use a salt substitute instead of ordinary salt."

Seorang pasien PPOK dengan masker Venturi 28% (SpO₂ 90%) ingin makan. Rencana yang paling tepat apa?

1. AMempertahankan masker Venturi dan hanya memberi cairan dengan sedotan
2. BBeralih ke masker non-rebreather 15 L/menit selama makan
3. CBeralih ke kanula hidung aliran rendah, menjaga SpO₂ pada 88–92%
4. DMelepas semua oksigen selama makan dan memasangnya kembali sesudahnya