Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

Nasihat mana yang harus diberikan kepada pasien yang mengonsumsi antikoagulan?

1. AMelewatkan dosis setiap kali muncul memar kecil
2. BMenggunakan sikat gigi lembut dan melaporkan perdarahan yang tidak biasa
3. CMengonsumsi ibuprofen, bukan parasetamol, untuk nyeri apa pun
4. DMenghindari semua sayuran hijau mulai sekarang

On spirometry, what does a reduced FEV₁/FVC ratio indicate?

1. AWeak heart muscle
2. BNormal lung function
3. CLow haemoglobin
4. DObstruction to airflow

What does the term "dyspnoea" mean?

1. AA breathing rate above 20 breaths per minute at rest
2. BA complete stop in breathing lasting over 10 seconds
3. CThe feeling of difficult or uncomfortable breathing
4. DBreathing that is deeper than normal

After a prescribed IV fluid bolus for hypotension, what should the nurse do next?

1. AReassess heart rate, blood pressure, urine output and lung sounds
2. BStart a second fluid bolus straight away without checking anything
3. CStop all monitoring if the patient says they feel better
4. DWait until the next routine observations in four hours

Seorang pasien gagal jantung bertanya mengapa garam dibatasi. Penjelasan mana yang benar?

1. ANatrium menghalangi tablet diuretik diserap dengan baik
2. BNatrium meningkatkan denyut jantung saat tidur
3. CNatrium secara langsung melemahkan otot jantung yang berkontraksi
4. DNatrium membuat tubuh menahan air, yang menambah kongesti

Dua hari setelah infark miokard, seorang pasien mengalami sesak napas mendadak, krepitasi, dan murmur sistolik keras yang baru. Komplikasi mana yang harus dicurigai?

1. APerikarditis pasca-infark yang menyebabkan gesekan perikardium
2. BEpisode baru angina stabil akibat stres
3. CEmboli paru akibat tirah baring berkepanjangan
4. DRuptur otot papilaris dengan regurgitasi mitral akut

A patient with asthma needs their reliever every three hours and their peak flow is falling well below their personal best. What does their action plan most likely advise?

1. AStop the preventer inhaler for a few days to rest the lungs
2. BDo extra exercise to open the airways
3. CWait two weeks to see whether it improves without any change
4. DFollow the worsening-asthma steps and get a same-day review

A patient with both COPD and heart disease is more breathless, with bilateral basal crackles, raised JVP, ankle swelling and a markedly raised NT-proBNP. Which problem is most likely driving this episode?

1. AHyperventilation from anxiety
2. BA primary spontaneous pneumothorax
3. CDecompensated heart failure
4. DAn asthma attack