Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

How is cardiac output calculated?

1. ASystolic pressure minus diastolic pressure
2. BMean arterial pressure multiplied by heart rate
3. CStroke volume divided by heart rate
4. DHeart rate multiplied by stroke volume

How is most oxygen carried in the blood?

1. ADissolved freely in the plasma water
2. BBound to albumin and other plasma proteins
3. CBound to haemoglobin in red blood cells
4. DCarried as bicarbonate ions in the plasma

Which of these is a common allergic trigger of asthma?

1. ADrinking water
2. BWearing cotton clothes
3. CHouse dust mite
4. DEating rice

Skor keparahan pneumonia mana yang menggunakan kebingungan, urea, laju napas, tekanan darah, dan usia?

1. ACURB-65
2. BNEWS2
3. CSkor Wells
4. DCHA₂DS₂-VASc

Seorang pasien memiliki peptida natriuretik tipe-B (BNP atau NT-proBNP) yang meningkat. Apa yang terutama dicerminkan hal ini?

1. APeradangan hati akibat kongesti
2. BKerusakan iskemik otot jantung
3. CKerusakan otot rangka setelah jatuh
4. DPeregangan dan beban tekanan berlebih pada ventrikel

A patient takes both digoxin and furosemide. Why does the nurse watch the potassium level closely?

1. APotassium has no link with either medicine
2. BLow potassium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity
3. CLow potassium makes digoxin stop working completely
4. DHigh potassium is the main effect of furosemide

A patient on a morphine PCA after surgery is very drowsy, with a respiratory rate of 7/min and pinpoint pupils. SpO₂ is 89%. What should the nurse do first?

1. AStop the PCA, support breathing, give oxygen and get naloxone
2. BEncourage the patient to keep pressing the PCA button for comfort
3. CGive a sedative to keep the patient comfortable
4. DLeave the patient to sleep and recheck the observations in an hour

An older ex-smoker has a dry cough and worsening breathlessness over a year, finger clubbing and fine "Velcro-like" crackles at both bases at the end of inspiration. Which condition is most likely?

1. ASpontaneous pneumothorax
2. BCommunity-acquired pneumonia
3. CAn acute asthma attack
4. DIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis