Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

Which cardiac arrest rhythms are shockable?

1. AAtrial fibrillation and atrial flutter
2. BVentricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia
3. CSinus rhythm and sinus tachycardia with a normal pulse
4. DAsystole and pulseless electrical activity with a slow rate

What does a positive tuberculin skin test or interferon-gamma release assay show?

1. AThat the patient has never met TB
2. BActive, infectious TB of the lungs that needs isolation now
3. CInfection with TB at some time, not necessarily active disease
4. DComplete, lifelong immunity to TB after a previous vaccine

What is the main risk factor for lung cancer?

1. ADrinking coffee
2. BLow blood pressure
3. CA high-protein diet
4. DCigarette smoking

A patient has a heart rate of 36/min with hypotension and dizziness. Which drug is usually the first choice?

1. AIntravenous atropine
2. BOral bisoprolol
3. CIntravenous adenosine
4. DIntravenous amiodarone

A patient is starting long-term amiodarone. Which teaching and monitoring are most important?

1. AAvoid dairy products and have the INR checked once at the start
2. BProtect skin from sunlight and have thyroid, liver and lung checks
3. CExpect orange urine and no need for blood tests
4. DEat extra salt and stop the drug as soon as the pulse is regular

A patient is starting doxazosin, an alpha-blocker, for hypertension. Which advice is most important?

1. AAvoid all potassium-containing foods
2. BTake the first dose at bedtime, as dizziness and fainting can occur
3. CStop it suddenly if the heart rate rises after the first few doses
4. DTake it with a large glass of grapefruit juice to improve absorption

The monitor shows a regular broad-complex tachycardia at 180/min. The patient is alert with BP 126/78 mmHg and no chest pain. What is the most appropriate plan?

1. ARecord a 12-lead ECG, call senior help and anticipate an antiarrhythmic
2. BReassure the patient, as this is a normal rhythm
3. CDeliver an unsynchronised shock immediately, before any other assessment
4. DStart chest compressions straight away and give a dose of IV adrenaline

A patient with severe aortic stenosis is prescribed glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) for chest pain. Why should the nurse use particular caution?

1. AVasodilators can cause a severe fall in BP with a fixed outflow obstruction
2. BThere is no reason for caution, because GTN acts only on the coronary arteries
3. CGTN makes the narrowed aortic valve tighten further within a few minutes
4. DGTN raises the blood pressure dangerously in aortic stenosis