Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

What is a pneumothorax?

1. APus collecting in the pleural space
2. BInflammation of the lung tissue caused by infection
3. CFluid in the alveoli caused by heart failure
4. DAir in the pleural space causing the lung to collapse

What is a "barrel chest"?

1. AA curved spine that bends to one side and twists the ribs
2. BA wider front-to-back chest diameter from air trapping
3. CA chest that moves inward on breathing in
4. DA sunken breastbone that has been present since birth

What does central cyanosis of the lips and tongue indicate?

1. ACold hands caused by the room, with normal oxygen levels
2. BA high haemoglobin level only
3. CNormal findings in older adults
4. DLow oxygen saturation of the arterial blood

A patient on nasal cannula oxygen breathes mainly through the mouth. What is the most accurate statement?

1. AIt can still work, because oxygen collects in the nasopharynx
2. BIt has no effect at all in mouth breathers and must be stopped
3. CThe flow must be increased to 15 L/min to make it work at all
4. DThe cannula should be placed in the mouth

A patient's ankle–brachial pressure index (ABPI) is 0,6. What does this suggest?

1. ANormal leg circulation
2. BA deep vein thrombosis
3. CStiff, calcified arteries that read falsely high
4. DSignificant peripheral arterial disease

Why must inspired air be humidified for a patient with a tracheostomy?

1. AHumidification prevents the cuff from deflating
2. BThe nose and upper airway, which warm and moisten air, are bypassed
3. CDry air is needed to stop secretions forming in the trachea
4. DHumidified air contains more oxygen than dry air at the same flow

Which task for a stable patient with heart failure can the registered nurse most appropriately delegate to a healthcare assistant (unlicensed assistive personnel)?

1. AMeasuring and recording the morning weight
2. BAssessing lung sounds for new crackles
3. CDeciding whether to give the furosemide dose
4. DTeaching the patient about a low-salt diet

A nurse teaches a patient who has a new permanent pacemaker. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will tell staff about the device before any MRI scan."
2. B"I will keep my mobile phone in my shirt pocket over the device."
3. C"I will carry my pacemaker identification card with me at all times."
4. D"I will keep my follow-up appointments for device checks."