Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

Kelompok tanda mana yang menunjukkan retensi karbon dioksida (hiperkapnia)?

1. AJari dan bibir kesemutan setelah bernapas cepat
2. BPupil sangat kecil dengan denyut jantung sangat lambat
3. CKulit pucat, dingin, lembap dengan nadi lemah seperti benang
4. DMengantuk, sakit kepala, kulit memerah, dan nadi kuat

Di mana ulkus vena pada tungkai paling sering muncul?

1. ADi ujung jari kaki
2. BDi atas malleolus medial (pergelangan kaki bagian dalam)
3. CDi bagian belakang tumit
4. DDi bawah kepala metatarsal pada telapak kaki

During cardiac arrest, how is adrenaline (epinephrine) usually given?

1. AIntravenously or by the intraosseous route
2. BBy inhalation through a nebuliser mask
3. CBy mouth, crushed and given with water
4. DBy subcutaneous injection into the abdomen

A patient with COPD uses an inhaled corticosteroid combination inhaler. Which risk should the nurse be aware of?

1. AAn increased risk of high blood pressure crises
2. BHearing loss after every dose
3. CA sharp drop in potassium after each dose
4. DAn increased risk of pneumonia

Why should a long-acting beta-2 agonist (LABA) never be used alone in asthma?

1. AIt always causes immediate severe bronchospasm when used on its own
2. BWithout an inhaled steroid, it is linked with severe and fatal attacks
3. CIt cannot be inhaled without a nebuliser
4. DIt works only when it is taken together with a course of antibiotics

Bagaimana enoksaparin subkutan dari spuit siap pakai diberikan?

1. AKe dalam abdomen, dengan gelembung udara dibiarkan, tanpa digosok
2. BSebagai bolus intravena cepat melalui kanula
3. CKe tempat abdomen yang sama setiap hari, lalu dipijat
4. DKe dalam otot deltoid, setelah gelembung udara dikeluarkan terlebih dahulu

A ventilated patient with severe ARDS is to be turned prone. What is the main reason, and the key nursing risk?

1. AIt improves digestion and gut motility; the main risk is constipation
2. BIt lowers the blood pressure; the main risk is rebound hypertension
3. CIt treats infection; the risk is fever
4. DIt improves oxygenation; risks are pressure injury and tube displacement

A patient on an unfractionated heparin infusion has a nosebleed that will not stop, and the aPTT is far above the target range. What is the most appropriate action?

1. AContinue the infusion at the same rate and pack the nose firmly
2. BIncrease the infusion, as the aPTT will settle
3. CGive vitamin K and continue the infusion at a slightly lower rate
4. DStop the infusion, inform the prescriber and anticipate protamine