Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

Apa yang dimaksud dengan "berayun" (tidaling) pada bilik segel air drainase dada?

1. AGelembung terus-menerus, baik pasien bernapas maupun tidak
2. BPermukaan cairan naik turun mengikuti pernapasan
3. CBekuan darah bergerak di sepanjang selang drainase
4. DUnit drainase bergoyang saat pasien berjalan

What is Kussmaul breathing?

1. AVery slow, shallow breathing from opioids
2. BNoisy breathing caused by a blocked upper airway
3. CBreathing that alternates between deep breaths and pauses
4. DDeep, rapid breathing in response to metabolic acidosis

On spirometry, what is the forced vital capacity (FVC)?

1. AThe volume of air that is left in the lungs after breathing out
2. BThe total volume blown out forcefully after a full breath in
3. CThe volume of one normal resting breath
4. DThe volume of air blown out in the first second of the test only

A patient has exercise-induced asthma. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. AExercise only in cold, dry air to toughen the airways
2. BAvoid all forms of exercise permanently to prevent attacks
3. CUse the reliever inhaler shortly before exercise and warm up
4. DTake a beta-blocker before exercise

What is the purpose of a mucolytic such as carbocisteine in chronic productive cough?

1. ATo make sputum thinner and easier to cough up
2. BTo stop the patient coughing completely, day and night
3. CTo widen the airways within minutes
4. DTo kill bacteria in the airways

Monitor menunjukkan fibrilasi ventrikel. Pasien tidak responsif dan tidak bernapas normal. Apa penanganan kuncinya?

1. AKardioversi tersinkronisasi dengan sedasi dalam
2. BAtropin IV dan pacu jantung eksternal
3. CRJP dan defibrilasi sesegera mungkin
4. DAdenosin IV cepat diikuti pembilasan

Seorang pasien gagal jantung dengan pembatasan cairan 1,5 L/hari mengeluh sangat haus. Tindakan mana yang paling tepat?

1. AAir tanpa batas, karena rasa haus harus selalu dipuaskan
2. BTidak ada cairan sama sekali sampai penimbangan besok pagi
3. CCamilan asin untuk merangsang air liur dan meredakan kekeringan
4. DPerawatan mulut, es batu yang dihitung, dan cairan yang disebar sepanjang hari

A woman starting rifampicin (rifampin) for tuberculosis uses a combined oral contraceptive pill. What advice is correct?

1. AStop all contraception during TB treatment, as pregnancy cannot occur
2. BContinue the pill as usual, because there is no interaction with TB drugs
3. CUse another reliable method, as rifampicin reduces the pill's effect
4. DTake two pills a day to make up for the drug