Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

Efek samping gliseril trinitrat (nitrogliserin) mana yang paling umum?

1. AKonstipasi
2. BPembengkakan pergelangan kaki
3. CBatuk kering
4. DSakit kepala

Which organism causes tuberculosis?

1. AStaphylococcus aureus
2. BPseudomonas aeruginosa
3. CMycobacterium tuberculosis
4. DCorynebacterium diphtheriae

What is the main risk factor for lung cancer?

1. ALow blood pressure
2. BDrinking coffee
3. CA high-protein diet
4. DCigarette smoking

Which energy-conservation advice is most useful for a patient with severe COPD?

1. ADo all the household tasks quickly in the morning to get them done
2. BHold the breath while lifting heavy objects
3. CSit down for tasks such as washing and dressing, and pace activities
4. DAvoid any activity at all, staying in a chair to save their energy

A patient with a long QT interval develops a polymorphic ventricular tachycardia that twists around the baseline but still has a pulse. Which drug is used first?

1. AIntravenous potassium chloride as a bolus
2. BIntravenous adenosine
3. CIntravenous magnesium sulfate
4. DOral digoxin

How does digoxin help a patient with atrial fibrillation and heart failure?

1. AIt slows AV node conduction and increases contractility
2. BIt speeds conduction through the AV node to the ventricles
3. CIt lowers potassium to stabilise the heart
4. DIt dissolves clots that have formed in the left atrium

A nurse looked after a patient for a shift before smear-positive pulmonary TB was diagnosed, without wearing a respirator. What should happen?

1. AReport it so occupational health can arrange follow-up screening
2. BStay off work for six months in case symptoms develop
3. CStart a full six-month course of TB drugs at once without any tests
4. DTake no action, as healthcare workers are immune to TB

A ventilated patient suddenly desaturates to 82%. The cause is not obvious and the ventilator alarms are sounding. What should the nurse do first?

1. AIncrease the sedation and watch the monitor for the next half hour
2. BSilence the alarm and wait for the result of the next routine blood gas
3. CDisconnect and hand-ventilate with 100% oxygen while calling for help
4. DChange the ventilator settings to a higher rate