Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

Legionnaires' disease is usually acquired from which source?

1. AMosquito bites when travelling in warm, humid countries
2. BEating undercooked chicken or eggs bought from a market stall
3. CContaminated water systems such as cooling towers and showers
4. DContact with cats' litter trays while cleaning them at home

Which side effect is typical of ACE inhibitors such as ramipril or lisinopril?

1. AA productive cough with green sputum
2. BA persistent dry cough
3. CSwelling of both ankles
4. DA fast, irregular heart rate

Which vaccine is used to protect against tuberculosis?

1. ABCG
2. BDTaP
3. CHPV
4. DMMR

Mengapa nitrat digunakan dengan sangat hati-hati pada infark ventrikel kanan?

1. AVentrikel kanan bergantung pada preload, sehingga tekanan darah dapat turun tajam
2. BNitrat membuat infark meluas ke ventrikel kiri
3. CNitrat tidak diserap bila ventrikel kanan terkena
4. DNitrat menyebabkan hiperkalemia berbahaya pada jenis infark ini

A patient on ramipril is to start sacubitril/valsartan for heart failure. What is the key safety point?

1. AThe ACE inhibitor dose should be doubled during the change
2. BSacubitril/valsartan is safe to start on the same morning
3. CThe ACE inhibitor must be stopped first, with a gap before starting
4. DBoth drugs should be taken together each day for the best effect

Why are beta-blockers often started after a myocardial infarction?

1. AThey lower the heart's oxygen demand and reduce arrhythmias
2. BThey raise the heart rate to improve blood flow to the muscle
3. CThey reduce cholesterol in the blood
4. DThey dissolve the clot that is blocking the coronary artery

Why is the cuff pressure of an endotracheal or tracheostomy tube checked regularly?

1. AThe cuff must be kept fully deflated in every ventilated patient
2. BThe cuff pressure sets the ventilator's breathing rate
3. CToo high a pressure damages the trachea; too low allows aspiration
4. DThe cuff pressure directly controls the patient's oxygen saturation

Seorang pasien gagal jantung dengan pembatasan cairan 1,5 L/hari mengeluh sangat haus. Tindakan mana yang paling tepat?

1. APerawatan mulut, es batu yang dihitung, dan cairan yang disebar sepanjang hari
2. BCamilan asin untuk merangsang air liur dan meredakan kekeringan
3. CAir tanpa batas, karena rasa haus harus selalu dipuaskan
4. DTidak ada cairan sama sekali sampai penimbangan besok pagi