Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saluran cerna, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawaban

Ciri mana yang khas untuk luka bakar derajat penuh (full-thickness)?

1. AKulit merah dan nyeri tanpa lepuh, seperti terbakar matahari
2. BKulit yang memucat saat ditekan dan sembuh dalam beberapa hari
3. CKulit lembap, merah muda dengan lepuh besar yang nyeri
4. DKulit seperti kulit samak, putih atau cokelat, dan tidak nyeri

How is the length of a nasogastric tube usually estimated before insertion?

1. AFrom the nose tip to the earlobe, then to the xiphisternum
2. BFrom the mouth to the knee on the same side of the body
3. CFrom the chin to the umbilicus in a straight line
4. DAny length, as long as the whole tube is inserted

Which two sites are most common for pressure ulcers in patients lying in bed?

1. AThe forearms and the knees
2. BThe thighs and the upper arms
3. CThe palms and the forehead
4. DThe sacrum and the heels

Why is IV albumin often given after a large-volume paracentesis?

1. ATo raise the blood glucose after the procedure
2. BTo replace the clotting factors and platelets lost in the drained fluid
3. CTo prevent low blood pressure and kidney injury from fluid shifts
4. DTo treat infection in the ascitic fluid

Why are urinary catheters removed as early as possible after surgery?

1. ABecause catheters always cause kidney stones
2. BBecause the catheter stops the bowel working
3. CTo reduce the risk of catheter-associated infection
4. DBecause patients cannot drink normally while a catheter is in place

Which description fits a category (stage) 4 pressure ulcer?

1. AA blister filled with clear fluid over the heel or sacrum
2. BFull-thickness loss with exposed bone, tendon or muscle
3. CIntact skin with redness that does not blanch
4. DA shallow wound into the dermis only

An older patient on regular opioids has small amounts of liquid stool leaking all day, but has not had a formed bowel movement for 6 days. What is the most likely cause?

1. AA flare of ulcerative colitis
2. BFaecal impaction with overflow
3. CNormal stool pattern on opioids
4. DAcute infective gastroenteritis

While a central line is disconnected, a patient suddenly becomes breathless with chest pain and hypotension. Air embolism is suspected. What should the nurse do first?

1. AGive the patient a drink and observe for an hour
2. BClamp the line, lie the patient left side down, head low; give oxygen
3. CRemove the central line straight away and leave the site open to the air
4. DSit the patient fully upright and flush the line