Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saluran cerna, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawaban

Why does a low serum albumin contribute to oedema?

1. AIt lowers oncotic pressure, so fluid leaks into tissues
2. BIt blocks the lymph vessels in the abdomen
3. CIt raises blood pressure and pushes fluid into the kidneys
4. DIt causes the heart to pump more blood into the legs

What is portal hypertension?

1. AHigh pressure inside the skull
2. BRaised pressure in the portal venous system to the liver
3. CRaised pressure in the lungs from heart failure
4. DHigh blood pressure in the arteries of the arms and legs

In TNM staging of cancer, what does "N" describe?

1. AThe number of tumours in the body
2. BThe new cells formed after treatment
3. CSpread to nearby lymph nodes
4. DThe nerve damage caused by the tumour

Why are carbohydrate drinks often given before surgery in enhanced recovery programmes?

1. ATo make the bowels open before the operation
2. BTo raise the blood pressure during the anaesthetic
3. CTo replace the need for any IV fluids afterwards
4. DTo reduce insulin resistance and improve recovery

Which statement about fatigue during radiotherapy is correct?

1. AIt means the radiotherapy has failed
2. BIt often builds during the course and can last for weeks
3. CIt occurs only after the first session and then disappears completely
4. DIt is caused by the patient becoming radioactive

Pendekatan transfusi sel darah merah mana pada pasien stabil dengan perdarahan saluran cerna yang sesuai dengan bukti terkini?

1. AMentransfusi semua orang agar hemoglobin selalu di atas 150 g/L
2. BAmbang restriktif, sering sekitar 70 g/L, pada sebagian besar pasien stabil
3. CMentransfusi dua unit secara rutin sebelum setiap endoskopi
4. DTidak pernah mentransfusi, berapa pun hemoglobin atau gejalanya

A patient is booked for a urea breath test for H. pylori. Which medicine should usually be stopped 2 weeks before the test?

1. AParacetamol (acetaminophen)
2. BLevothyroxine
3. COmeprazole
4. DAmlodipine

During bowel preparation, an older patient becomes dizzy and confused. Blood tests show sodium 127 mmol/L. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive the rest of the preparation more quickly
2. BEncourage plain water only, as much as possible
3. CRecord it and continue as planned, as this is expected
4. DStop the preparation and escalate to the medical team