Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saluran cerna, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawaban

What is pulmonary aspiration?

1. AA collapsed lung after a chest drain
2. BRemoving fluid from the chest with a needle through the ribs
3. CBreathing too fast after surgery
4. DInhaling stomach contents or other material into the lungs

Mana yang merupakan salah satu penyebab tersering sirosis hati?

1. AAnemia defisiensi besi
2. BPenggunaan alkohol berat jangka panjang
3. CDiet tinggi buah dan serat
4. DSatu kali keracunan makanan

Radiotherapy to the pelvis commonly causes which side effects?

1. ADry mouth and changes in taste for many months afterwards
2. BHair loss from the scalp
3. CDiarrhoea and frequent, painful passing of urine
4. DCough and breathlessness

Which statement about pain in older adults is correct?

1. AOlder adults feel less pain because nerves wear out
2. BOpioids must never be used in people over 70
3. CThey may under-report pain, so active assessment is needed
4. DPain is a normal part of ageing and does not need any treatment at all

After a spinal anaesthetic, which nursing check is particularly important?

1. AReturn of leg sensation and movement, and passing urine
2. BBlood glucose every 15 minutes overnight
3. CPupil reaction every five minutes for the next full day
4. DPeak flow before and after each meal

Mengapa pasien diajari menopang luka abdomen dengan bantal saat batuk?

1. AMenggantikan kebutuhan analgesia teratur
2. BMengurangi nyeri dan regangan, sehingga mereka dapat batuk dengan baik
3. CMembuat batuk lebih lemah agar luka tidak berisiko
4. DMempercepat penyembuhan tepi kulit

Kulit di sekitar ileostomi pasien merah, lecet, dan berair, dan kantong sering bocor. Apa penyebab yang paling mungkin?

1. AReaksi normal yang tidak memerlukan perubahan perawatan
2. BIskemia stoma, yang memerlukan operasi segera
3. CAlergi terhadap feses itu sendiri, yang memerlukan steroid
4. DKeluaran mengenai kulit, sering akibat alat yang tidak pas

A competent adult who is a Jehovah's Witness refuses blood transfusion before major surgery. What should the nurse do?

1. ARespect the decision, document it and inform the team
2. BAsk the family to override the decision
3. CCancel the surgery without discussing it
4. DPlan to transfuse secretly during the operation if it becomes needed