Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saluran cerna, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawaban

In TNM staging of cancer, what does "N" describe?

1. ASpread to nearby lymph nodes
2. BThe nerve damage caused by the tumour
3. CThe new cells formed after treatment
4. DThe number of tumours in the body

Which feature is typical of Crohn's disease?

1. AIt can affect any part of the gut, with normal bowel in between
2. BIt affects only the liver and bile ducts
3. CIt affects only the stomach lining and causes ulcers there
4. DIt affects only the rectum and colon, in one continuous stretch

Dua faktor mana yang paling umum menyebabkan ulkus peptikum?

1. AMerokok dan terlalu banyak kopi kental
2. BMinum susu dan makan buah jeruk
3. CInfeksi Helicobacter pylori dan OAINS
4. DMakanan pedas dan stres psikologis atau pekerjaan jangka panjang

Why are patients with diabetes often placed early on the operating list?

1. ABecause they need to go home before midday
2. BTo shorten fasting and reduce swings in blood glucose
3. CBecause their wounds heal faster in the morning
4. DBecause their surgery always takes longer than others

Which advice may help reduce the risk of a parastomal hernia after stoma surgery?

1. AAvoid heavy lifting early on and use support garments as advised
2. BStrain hard on the toilet each day to strengthen the abdominal muscles
3. CDo intensive sit-ups from the first week
4. DKeep the stoma bag as full as possible

Which statement about moist wound healing is correct?

1. AWounds heal fastest when left to dry out and form a scab
2. BWounds should be soaked in water for hours every day
3. CA wet wound bed always prevents infection
4. DA moist, not wet, wound bed helps cells move and heal faster

Which group of signs suggests that a patient is entering the last days of life?

1. AClearer thinking and increased movement
2. BRising appetite, more energy and normal skin colour and warmth
3. CHigh blood pressure and very fast weight gain
4. DReduced intake, mottled skin and changes in breathing

Four hours after surgery, a catheterised patient's urine output has been 10 mL/h for two hours. Vital signs are stable. What should the nurse check first?

1. AWhether the patient wants a cup of tea
2. BThe time the patient last ate
3. CYesterday's chest X-ray and blood gas results
4. DThat the catheter and tubing are not kinked or blocked