Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saluran cerna, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawaban

Which tool helps assess pain in a person with advanced dementia who cannot report it?

1. AAn observational scale such as PAINAD or Abbey
2. BA numerical rating scale from 0 to 10, read out slowly
3. CThe Glasgow Coma Scale, scored every hour
4. DThe MUST nutrition score

What is portal hypertension?

1. ARaised pressure in the lungs from heart failure
2. BHigh pressure inside the skull
3. CRaised pressure in the portal venous system to the liver
4. DHigh blood pressure in the arteries of the arms and legs

Bagaimana pasien biasanya menggambarkan nyeri neuropatik?

1. ANyeri kram yang datang bergelombang
2. BNyeri berdenyut hanya saat area ditekan
3. CTerbakar, menembak, atau seperti sengatan listrik
4. DNyeri tumpul yang memburuk saat bergerak

Which intervention most reduces pressure ulcer risk in an immobile patient?

1. AKeeping the head of the bed raised at 90° all day
2. BRegular repositioning and a pressure-redistributing mattress
3. CUsing a doughnut-shaped ring cushion
4. DMassaging red areas firmly at each turn to bring back the circulation

Masalah elektrolit mana yang dapat terjadi pada pankreatitis akut berat?

1. AHiperkalemia
2. BHipokalsemia
3. CHiperkalsemia
4. DHipernatremia

Apa peran pembatasan natrium dan spironolakton pada sirosis?

1. AMeningkatkan kehilangan kalium dan mencegah hiperkalemia
2. BMenurunkan amonia darah dan mengobati ensefalopati
3. CMenaikkan tekanan darah dan memperbaiki aliran darah ginjal
4. DMengurangi retensi natrium dan air serta mengendalikan asites

Using the adult rule of nines, what is the total burn area of the whole right arm plus the whole front of the trunk (both with partial-thickness burns)?

1. A18%
2. B27%
3. C36%
4. D45%

Why is an SGLT2 inhibitor such as dapagliflozin usually withheld before surgery?

1. AIt makes the patient's potassium dangerously high
2. BIt causes the surgical wound to bleed more
3. CIt interacts with all general anaesthetic gases and stops them working
4. DIt raises the risk of ketoacidosis, even with near-normal glucose