Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saluran cerna, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawaban

Which urine output is commonly used as the minimum acceptable value for an adult after surgery?

1. AAbout 0,5 mL/kg per hour
2. BAbout 50 mL/kg per hour
3. CAbout 0,05 mL/kg per hour
4. DAbout 5 mL/kg per hour

What is the first aid for a dry chemical powder on the skin?

1. ARub it in with a wet cloth to spread it thinly over the skin
2. BAdd vinegar to neutralise it at once
3. CCover it with a tight dressing and wait
4. DBrush off the powder, then irrigate with plenty of water

What is the basic idea of the WHO analgesic ladder?

1. AGive analgesia only when the patient asks for it
2. BAlways start with the strongest opioid available and then reduce it slowly
3. CStep up from non-opioids to weak, then strong, opioids as needed
4. DUse only one drug at a time, never in combination

Aspirate from a nasogastric tube has a pH of 7. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive the medicines but not the feed
2. BStart the feed slowly and watch the patient closely for coughing
3. CFlush with 50 mL of air and start the feed
4. DDo not use it; re-test later or arrange an X-ray as per policy

Why is pethidine (meperidine) generally avoided for regular pain relief?

1. AIt has no pain-relieving effect at all in adults
2. BA metabolite can build up and cause seizures
3. CIt always causes severe diarrhoea
4. DIt can only be given by mouth

A patient with a new colostomy asks what to eat at home. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. AEat only liquids until the stoma is removed
2. BAvoid all fruit and vegetables for the rest of their life
3. CEat a normal, balanced diet and introduce foods gradually
4. DDrink as little fluid as possible to reduce output

A patient with lung cancer becomes hypotensive and breathless, with distended neck veins and quiet heart sounds. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AA side effect of anti-sickness drugs
2. BCardiac tamponade from a pericardial effusion
3. CSuperior vena cava obstruction from the tumour
4. DHypercalcaemia of malignancy from bone metastases

Pada hari ke-3 setelah luka bakar besar, pasien mulai mengeluarkan urine dalam volume besar. Masalah elektrolit mana yang harus diantisipasi perawat?

1. AHipokalemia, saat cairan kembali ke sirkulasi
2. BHipernatremia, karena ginjal mulai menahan natrium
3. CHiperkalsemia, akibat tirah baring dan imobilisasi
4. DHiperkalemia, karena kerusakan jaringan baru melepaskan kalium