Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saluran cerna, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawaban

Why does chemotherapy often affect the bone marrow, gut lining and hair?

1. AThese tissues contain rapidly dividing cells
2. BThese tissues are the main sites of cancer
3. CThese tissues have no blood supply
4. DThese tissues store the chemotherapy drugs

What is dyspepsia?

1. AVomiting of blood after a large meal
2. BUpper abdominal discomfort, often called indigestion
3. CPain in the rectum on opening the bowels
4. DDifficulty swallowing solid food and tablets

Which feature is typical of ulcerative colitis?

1. APatchy inflammation anywhere from mouth to anus
2. BInflammation limited to the oesophagus
3. CContinuous inflammation starting at the rectum
4. DInflammation of the full thickness of the small bowel

Why are antimotility drugs such as loperamide avoided in C. difficile infection?

1. AThey make the stool sample test positive falsely
2. BThey cause serious liver failure in most patients who take them
3. CThey kill the normal bowel bacteria
4. DThey may keep toxin in the bowel and risk toxic megacolon

Which statement about giving medicines through a feeding tube is correct?

1. AMedicines can be added to the bag of feed
2. BAll tablets can be crushed together and given at once
3. CModified-release tablets should not be crushed
4. DTubes do not need flushing between medicines

Pendekatan transfusi sel darah merah mana pada pasien stabil dengan perdarahan saluran cerna yang sesuai dengan bukti terkini?

1. AMentransfusi dua unit secara rutin sebelum setiap endoskopi
2. BAmbang restriktif, sering sekitar 70 g/L, pada sebagian besar pasien stabil
3. CTidak pernah mentransfusi, berapa pun hemoglobin atau gejalanya
4. DMentransfusi semua orang agar hemoglobin selalu di atas 150 g/L

A 62-year-old with known reflux reports burning central chest pain with sweating and breathlessness that began while walking. What should the nurse do first?

1. AGive an antacid and reassess the pain in an hour
2. BAdvise the patient to avoid spicy food at future meals
3. CRecord a 12-lead ECG and escalate as possible cardiac pain
4. DBook a routine endoscopy for later in the week

After two days of large volumes of IV 5% glucose, a postoperative patient becomes confused with a headache. Sodium is 124 mmol/L. What is the likely cause?

1. AHyponatraemia from hypotonic fluids
2. BHypoglycaemia from the glucose
3. CHypernatraemia from too much salt
4. DNormal confusion after any anaesthetic