Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saluran cerna, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawaban

What is the usual adult reference range for platelets?

1. AAbout 1500–4000 × 10⁹/L
2. BAbout 150–400 × 10⁹/L
3. CAbout 4–11 × 10⁹/L
4. DAbout 15–40 × 10⁹/L

Which is the single largest preventable risk factor for cancer?

1. ATobacco smoking
2. BWearing synthetic clothing
3. CDrinking tap water
4. DUsing mobile phones

Why is nail varnish or a gel nail often removed from at least one finger before surgery?

1. ASo pulse oximetry readings and nail colour can be assessed accurately
2. BBecause the varnish can make the anaesthetic gas less effective
3. CBecause it is a checklist rule with no clinical reason
4. DBecause varnish raises the patient's blood pressure

Why are patients with large burns at risk of hypothermia?

1. ALoss of skin reduces their ability to keep in heat
2. BThe fluids given are always chilled
3. CTheir metabolism stops after the injury
4. DBurns always cause a low thyroid hormone level in the blood

Which statement about pain in older adults is correct?

1. AThey may under-report pain, so active assessment is needed
2. BOlder adults feel less pain because nerves wear out
3. CPain is a normal part of ageing and does not need any treatment at all
4. DOpioids must never be used in people over 70

In the UK National Early Warning Score (NEWS2), what does an aggregate score of 5 or more usually trigger?

1. ARoutine observations once every 12 hours, with no other change in care
2. BDischarge planning for the next day
3. CNo change unless the patient complains
4. DAn urgent review by a clinician skilled in acute illness

Seorang pasien dengan varises esofagus yang diketahui muntah darah segar dalam jumlah banyak. Pengobatan mana yang harus diantisipasi perawat sebelum endoskopi?

1. AInfus salin cepat hingga tekanan darah tinggi
2. BOktreotid atau terlipresin, ditambah antibiotik IV, selama resusitasi
3. CPemeriksaan menelan barium segera sebelum pengobatan obat apa pun
4. DOAINS oral untuk nyeri dan makanan tinggi protein

Selama infus vinkristin IV melalui kanula perifer, pasien melaporkan rasa terbakar, dan lokasi bengkak. Apa yang harus dilakukan perawat pertama kali?

1. ASegera melepas kanula dan memijat area itu untuk menyebarkan obat
2. BMelanjutkan infus lebih lambat dan menempelkan kantong es pada lokasi
3. CMembilas kanula dengan salin untuk mendorong sisa obat ke dalam vena
4. DMenghentikan infus, membiarkan kanula untuk diaspirasi, mengikuti kebijakan