Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saluran cerna, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawaban

Which exercises are usually taught to patients before major surgery?

1. AHeavy weightlifting to build strength
2. BHolding the breath for as long as possible
3. CLong-distance running every day
4. DDeep breathing, coughing and leg exercises

Jenis penyembuhan mana yang menggambarkan sayatan bedah bersih yang ditutup dengan jahitan?

1. AIntensi sekunder
2. BIntensi tersier
3. CIntensi primer
4. DIntensi tertunda

Which signs suggest early hypovolaemic shock after surgery?

1. ANormal pulse with heavy sweating only after meals
2. BSlow heart rate, flushed skin and warm hands
3. CHigh blood pressure with a fast, bounding pulse
4. DRising heart rate, cool skin and slow capillary refill

Seorang pasien dengan ileostomi baru memiliki keluaran sangat tinggi. Apa risiko utamanya?

1. AKalsium tinggi dan batu ginjal dalam beberapa hari
2. BKonstipasi dan impaksi feses di usus di atas stoma
3. CDehidrasi dan kehilangan natrium, kalium, dan magnesium
4. DKelebihan cairan dan pembengkakan pergelangan kaki

A patient takes co-codamol at home (a combination tablet sold under different names in different countries). Why should the nurse check this before giving regular paracetamol (acetaminophen)?

1. AIt already contains paracetamol, so overdose could occur
2. BCo-codamol stops paracetamol from working
3. CCo-codamol must be stopped a week before any paracetamol
4. DParacetamol and codeine cause a severe allergic reaction when combined

Apa tanda paling awal hipertermia maligna selama anestesi?

1. APenurunan suhu tubuh yang stabil
2. BDenyut jantung melambat dan tekanan darah rendah
3. CKenaikan CO₂ akhir ekspirasi yang tidak dapat dijelaskan
4. DKulit memerah dengan kadar CO₂ yang menurun

Why is an SGLT2 inhibitor such as dapagliflozin usually withheld before surgery?

1. AIt causes the surgical wound to bleed more
2. BIt raises the risk of ketoacidosis, even with near-normal glucose
3. CIt interacts with all general anaesthetic gases and stops them working
4. DIt makes the patient's potassium dangerously high

During a nasogastric feed, a patient starts coughing and SpO₂ falls from 96% to 89%. What should the nurse do first?

1. AIncrease the feed rate to finish it sooner
2. BGive a drink of water to clear the throat
3. CLay the patient flat to help them rest
4. DStop the feed and assess the airway and breathing