Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saraf, endokrin & ginjal dengan jawaban

What is the most common cause of a high sodium in a frail older adult?

1. ANot drinking enough water
2. BEating too much fruit
3. CTaking too much insulin
4. DDrinking too much water

Which hormones are released from the posterior pituitary gland?

1. AInsulin and cortisol
2. BTSH and ACTH
3. CADH (vasopressin) and oxytocin
4. DGrowth hormone and prolactin

Which is a common effect of long-term corticosteroid treatment?

1. ALow blood glucose
2. BThinning of the bones
3. CWeight loss and a slim face
4. DA lower risk of infections

A patient with a new ileal conduit has threads of mucus in their urine. What should the nurse explain?

1. AThis is a sign that the stoma is dying
2. BThe kidneys have stopped working properly after surgery
3. CThis is normal, because the conduit is made from bowel
4. DThis proves a serious kidney infection

A patient on ciclosporin or tacrolimus asks about grapefruit juice. Which advice is correct?

1. AIt has no effect on these drugs
2. BDrink it daily to protect the kidney
3. CDrink it with each dose to improve the absorption
4. DAvoid it, because it can raise the drug levels

A patient with untreated hyperthyroidism is losing weight. Which diet is most appropriate until the condition is controlled?

1. AA low-calorie diet to protect the heart
2. BA strict low-protein diet
3. CA diet very high in caffeine for energy
4. DA high-calorie diet with enough protein

A patient with type 1 diabetes is vomiting at home. Their glucose is 12 mmol/L (216 mg/dL), and blood ketones are 3,5 mmol/L. What advice is correct?

1. AStop insulin until the vomiting has settled
2. BDrink less fluid to stop the vomiting
3. CSeek urgent hospital assessment for possible DKA
4. DWait until the glucose is above 20 mmol/L (360 mg/dL)

Seorang lansia dengan diabetes tipe 2 memiliki glukosa 48 mmol/L, osmolalitas 365 mOsm/kg, tanpa keton bermakna, dan kebingungan. Apa prioritas pertama?

1. ABolus insulin IV besar untuk menormalkan glukosa dalam satu jam
2. BPembatasan cairan ketat untuk menghindari edema serebral
3. CCairan IV yang hati-hati dengan pemeriksaan ketat osmolalitas, natrium, dan glukosa
4. DGlukosa oral untuk mencegah hipoglikemia selama pengobatan