Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saraf, endokrin & ginjal dengan jawaban

Which group of features defines nephrotic syndrome?

1. APainful urination, fever and frequency
2. BBlood in the urine, high BP and low urine output
3. CHeavy proteinuria, low albumin and oedema
4. DSevere loin pain that spreads to the groin

Which symptoms in a patient with back pain suggest cauda equina syndrome?

1. AMild stiffness in the morning that soon wears off
2. BNumbness between the legs and new bladder problems
3. CBack pain that eases when walking around the house
4. DPain that is worse after a long day at work

Which symptoms are typical of cystitis (a bladder infection)?

1. APainless red urine with clots
2. BBurning on passing urine, frequency and urgency
3. CSwelling of the ankles and frothy urine
4. DHigh fever, shaking rigors and pain in the loin

A patient with a new ileal conduit has threads of mucus in their urine. What should the nurse explain?

1. AThe kidneys have stopped working properly after surgery
2. BThis is a sign that the stoma is dying
3. CThis is normal, because the conduit is made from bowel
4. DThis proves a serious kidney infection

An 85-year-old care home resident becomes newly confused and is falling more often. A UTI is one possibility. Why?

1. AConfusion is the only symptom of a UTI at any age
2. BA UTI cannot occur in people over 80
3. COlder adults often show infection as confusion
4. DUrinary infections always cause a high fever in older adults

An 80-year-old with angina is diagnosed with hypothyroidism. How is levothyroxine usually started?

1. AAt a low dose, increased slowly
2. BAs a single large weekly injection
3. CAt a full dose from the first day
4. DOnly after the angina has been cured

Seorang pasien berventilator mengalami cedera otak traumatik. Target PaCO₂ mana yang biasanya dituju, kecuali herniasi akan segera terjadi?

1. APaCO₂ berapa pun, karena tidak memengaruhi TIK
2. BPaCO₂ tinggi untuk membuka pembuluh serebral
3. CPaCO₂ rendah akibat hiperventilasi berkepanjangan
4. DPaCO₂ normal (normokapnia)

A patient with multiple sclerosis has had worse leg weakness for one day, together with a fever and burning on passing urine. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AA true relapse that needs high-dose steroids
2. BA pseudo-relapse caused by infection
3. CA side effect of physiotherapy
4. DA change to progressive MS