Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saraf, endokrin & ginjal dengan jawaban

Which isolation precautions are used for a patient with suspected meningococcal meningitis?

1. ANo extra precautions, because it is not infectious
2. BDroplet precautions until about 24 hours of effective antibiotics
3. CContact precautions only, with gloves for skin contact
4. DAirborne precautions in a negative pressure room for 2 weeks

What is the usual first-line treatment for stress urinary incontinence in women?

1. ARestricting fluids to half a litre a day
2. BA permanent urinary catheter
3. CPelvic floor muscle training
4. DSurgery straight away

Kapan insulin kerja cepat seperti insulin aspart atau lispro biasanya diberikan?

1. ASesaat sebelum atau bersamaan dengan makan
2. BSaat menjelang tidur, tanpa makanan
3. CSekali sehari, apa pun waktu makannya
4. DSekitar dua jam setelah makan

Lima belas menit setelah diobati dengan tablet glukosa, glukosa pasien naik dari 3,2 menjadi 5,1 mmol/L. Makan berikutnya dua jam lagi. Apa yang harus dilakukan selanjutnya?

1. AMemberikan dosis biasa insulin kerja cepat segera
2. BTidak perlu tindakan lebih lanjut sampai makan berikutnya disajikan nanti
3. CMemberikan camilan karbohidrat kerja lebih lama, seperti sandwich
4. DMemberikan dosis tablet glukosa lagi untuk menaikkannya lebih tinggi

A patient with Graves' eye disease has gritty eyes and swelling around them in the morning. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. AStay in bright sunlight to dry the eyes
2. BUse lubricating drops and sleep with the head raised
3. CRub the eyes firmly each morning to reduce the swelling
4. DSmoking more will not affect the eyes

Why is all urine strained in a patient with suspected kidney stones?

1. ATo catch the stone so it can be analysed
2. BTo stop the stone from blocking the toilet
3. CTo remove blood clots before testing
4. DTo measure the urine volume more accurately

A patient on carbamazepine is admitted confused, with a sodium of 121 mmol/L. Which explanation is most likely?

1. ACarbamazepine can cause hyponatraemia through an SIADH-like effect
2. BCarbamazepine causes salt loss through severe diarrhoea
3. CConfusion is a normal, expected effect of carbamazepine and is unrelated to sodium
4. DThe low sodium proves the patient has stopped taking the drug

Six hours after a catheter is removed, a patient has not passed urine and feels uncomfortable. What should the nurse do?

1. ATell the patient to drink two litres of water quickly
2. BDo a bladder scan to check for retention
3. CWait until the next morning before checking
4. DPut the catheter back without assessing