Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saraf, endokrin & ginjal dengan jawaban

Cairan apa yang biasanya diberikan pertama pada ketoasidosis diabetik?

1. ANatrium klorida 0,9% IV
2. BAir steril untuk injeksi IV
3. CLarutan glukosa 50% IV
4. DMinuman manis oral dan air

Which head injury is classically linked to a lucid interval after a blow to the side of the head?

1. AChronic subdural haematoma
2. BExtradural haematoma
3. CDiffuse axonal injury
4. DConcussion

What is acromegaly?

1. AToo much growth hormone in an adult
2. BToo little thyroid hormone in an adult
3. CToo little growth hormone in a child
4. DToo much cortisol from the adrenal glands

Selama pengobatan KAD, glukosa turun di bawah sekitar 14 mmol/L (sekitar 250 mg/dL) tetapi keton masih meningkat. Apa yang biasanya terjadi?

1. ASemua cairan IV dihentikan untuk menghindari kelebihan cairan
2. BPasien makan dan pengobatan IV dihentikan
3. CGlukosa ditambahkan ke cairan; insulin dilanjutkan
4. DInfus insulin dihentikan segera

Pernyataan mana tentang keadaan hiperglikemik hiperosmolar (HHS) yang benar?

1. ASelalu menyebabkan keton darah tinggi dan asidosis metabolik berat
2. BTerutama terlihat pada anak kecil dengan diabetes tipe 1
3. CTerutama mengenai lansia dengan diabetes tipe 2, selama berhari-hari
4. DBerkembang dalam hitungan menit dan kurang berbahaya dari KAD

Why should antiepileptic drugs not be stopped suddenly?

1. AStopping them suddenly causes permanent damage to the liver and kidneys
2. BSudden withdrawal can trigger seizures, including status epilepticus
3. CThe drugs build up in the body and become toxic after stopping
4. DStopping them suddenly causes a dangerous rise in blood pressure

A patient with type 1 diabetes has a seizure on the ward. Their capillary glucose is 1,9 mmol/L (34 mg/dL). They cannot swallow. What is the most appropriate treatment?

1. AAn antiepileptic drug only, because seizures need seizure treatment
2. BIV glucose or IM glucagon, then recheck the glucose
3. CGlucose gel squeezed into the mouth during the seizure
4. DA rapid-acting insulin dose to stabilise the glucose

A patient with type 1 diabetes is vomiting at home. Their glucose is 12 mmol/L (216 mg/dL), and blood ketones are 3,5 mmol/L. What advice is correct?

1. ASeek urgent hospital assessment for possible DKA
2. BWait until the glucose is above 20 mmol/L (360 mg/dL)
3. CDrink less fluid to stop the vomiting
4. DStop insulin until the vomiting has settled