Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saraf, endokrin & ginjal dengan jawaban

What causes Graves' disease?

1. AA viral infection of the parathyroid glands
2. BAntibodies that stimulate the TSH receptor
3. CA lack of iodine in the diet
4. DToo much TSH from a pituitary tumour

Tapping the cheek in front of the ear makes the facial muscles twitch. What is this sign called?

1. ABattle's sign
2. BChvostek's sign
3. CTrousseau's sign
4. DKernig's sign

Apa pertolongan pertama yang benar selama kejang tonik-klonik umum?

1. AMendudukkan orang tersebut dan memberi seteguk air untuk mencegah tersedak
2. BMengganjal kepala, mencatat waktu kejang, dan tidak memasukkan apa pun ke mulut
3. CMenahan lengan dan tungkai dengan kuat sampai kejangnya berhenti
4. DMemasukkan sendok atau jalan napas plastik di antara gigi secepat mungkin

Before surgery for a phaeochromocytoma, why is an alpha-blocker started before any beta-blocker?

1. AThe order of the two drugs makes no difference
2. BBeta-blockers given first would make the tumour grow faster
3. CAlpha-blockers lower the blood glucose before surgery
4. DA beta-blocker alone can cause a dangerous rise in BP

Mengapa pasien ditimbang sebelum dan sesudah setiap sesi hemodialisis?

1. AKarena mesin tidak dapat dimulai tanpa berat badan
2. BUntuk menghitung dosis setiap obat untuk minggu berikutnya
3. CUntuk melihat berapa banyak cairan yang dikeluarkan dan memandu berat kering
4. DUntuk memeriksa penurunan berat badan akibat malnutrisi

Bagaimana tekanan perfusi serebral (CPP) dihitung?

1. ATekanan arteri rata-rata dikurangi tekanan intrakranial
2. BTekanan arteri sistolik ditambah tekanan intrakranial
3. CTekanan diastolik dikurangi tekanan vena sentral
4. DTekanan arteri rata-rata dibagi denyut jantung

A patient's glucose is 6,2 mmol/L (112 mg/dL) at 03:00 and 12 mmol/L (216 mg/dL) before breakfast. No hypoglycaemia occurred overnight. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AThe dawn phenomenon from early-morning hormones
2. BA large snack eaten in the night by mistake
3. CThe meter is faulty and should be replaced
4. DThe Somogyi effect from a night-time hypo

A nurse teaches the family of a patient on insulin how to manage a severe hypo. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will give the glucagon as I was shown."
2. B"I will put her on her side and call an ambulance straight away."
3. C"When she can swallow, I will give her a snack."
4. D"If she is unconscious, I will pour juice into her mouth."