Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saraf, endokrin & ginjal dengan jawaban

What is the most common cause of a high sodium in a frail older adult?

1. AEating too much fruit
2. BNot drinking enough water
3. CTaking too much insulin
4. DDrinking too much water

How is the headache of a subarachnoid haemorrhage typically described?

1. AA tight band around the head that comes and goes
2. BSudden and severe, reaching its peak within about a minute
3. COne-sided and throbbing, with an aura beforehand
4. DSlowly worsening over several weeks, worst in the morning

How does haemodialysis remove waste from the blood?

1. AWaste diffuses across a membrane into a cleaning fluid
2. BThe blood is spun so that waste sinks to the bottom
3. CA filter in the stomach absorbs waste from food
4. DThe waste is removed through a tube in the bladder

A patient taking sodium valproate becomes tired and is vomiting, and the nurse notices yellowing of the eyes. What is the main concern?

1. AA sign that the dose is too low
2. BLiver toxicity from valproate
3. CDehydration from drinking too little
4. DA normal adjustment reaction to the drug

Which lifestyle advice best helps a patient with epilepsy reduce their seizures?

1. ADrink coffee in the evening to stay alert
2. BSkip a dose on days without any warning signs
3. CKeep regular sleep and take every dose on time
4. DAvoid all physical exercise and stay indoors

Seorang pasien SIADH memiliki natrium 126 mmol/L dan gejala ringan. Pengobatan mana yang biasanya lini pertama?

1. ATambahan air oral
2. BInfus glukosa 5% IV
3. CDesmopresin
4. DPembatasan cairan

The day after a lumbar puncture, a patient has a headache that is severe when standing and almost gone when lying flat. Temperature and neck movement are normal. What is the most likely cause?

1. AA migraine triggered by stress
2. BA subarachnoid haemorrhage
3. CBacterial meningitis from the procedure
4. DPost-dural puncture headache

Three days after a stroke, a patient with dysphagia on a modified diet has a temperature of 38,2 °C (100,8 °F), a respiratory rate of 24/min and crackles at the right lung base. What should the nurse do?

1. ARecord the findings and recheck them at the next routine observation
2. BGive paracetamol (acetaminophen) and continue the modified diet as before
3. CEncourage more fluids by mouth to treat the fever
4. DSuspect aspiration pneumonia, stop oral intake and escalate for review