Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saraf, endokrin & ginjal dengan jawaban

What is the normal range for total serum calcium in an adult?

1. AAbout 2,2–2,6 mmol/L (8,5–10,5 mg/dL)
2. BAbout 1,0–1,5 mmol/L (4,0–6,0 mg/dL)
3. CAbout 3,5–5,0 mmol/L (14–20 mg/dL)
4. DAbout 0,7–1,0 mmol/L (2,8–4,0 mg/dL)

Insulin mana yang disedot lebih dulu saat mencampur insulin kerja pendek dan intermediet (NPH, keruh) dalam satu spuit?

1. AInsulin kerja pendek yang jernih, lalu insulin yang keruh
2. BInsulin yang keruh, lalu insulin kerja pendek yang jernih
3. CKeduanya bersamaan, setelah dicampur dalam satu vial
4. DUrutan mana pun, karena tidak ada bedanya

Pemeriksaan darah mana yang paling umum digunakan untuk memperkirakan fungsi ginjal?

1. AKreatinin serum (eGFR)
2. BKadar albumin serum
3. CKadar amilase serum
4. DHbA1c (hemoglobin terglikasi)

A patient is starting lamotrigine. Which teaching point is most important?

1. ADouble the dose if a seizure happens
2. BReport any skin rash promptly, especially in the first weeks
3. CExpect an orange tint to tears and urine
4. DTake it with a glass of grapefruit juice to improve its absorption

Why should long-term steroid treatment not be stopped suddenly?

1. AThe steroids build up and become toxic after they are stopped
2. BThe suppressed adrenal glands cannot make enough cortisol at once
3. CStopping suddenly makes the bones grow too quickly and then fracture
4. DStopping causes the blood glucose to fall sharply

A patient receives phenytoin through a nasogastric tube along with continuous enteral feed. Which issue should the nurse know about?

1. AThe feed can reduce phenytoin absorption, so the feed is often paused around the dose
2. BPhenytoin must be crushed and mixed into the feed bag
3. CPhenytoin makes the feed curdle, so the two must never be used in one patient
4. DThe feed increases phenytoin levels and causes toxicity within hours

An older man was found on the floor after lying there for many hours. His urine is dark brown, and his creatine kinase is very high. What is the main kidney risk and the key treatment?

1. AA kidney stone, treated with strong pain relief
2. BAKI from rhabdomyolysis, treated with generous IV fluids
3. CA urinary infection, treated with oral antibiotics only
4. DHypothermia, treated with a fluid restriction

An older patient with a UTI is now confused, with a respiratory rate of 24/min, BP 88/50 mmHg and a pulse of 120/min. What should happen?

1. ATreat the confusion with a sedative
2. BEncourage oral fluids and wait for the urine culture
3. CGive oral antibiotics and recheck in four hours
4. DStart sepsis care at once, with IV antibiotics and fluids