Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saraf, endokrin & ginjal dengan jawaban

Which statement about adult polycystic kidney disease is correct?

1. AIt is caused by drinking too little water
2. BIt is caused by repeated urinary infections
3. CIt only ever affects one of the two kidneys
4. DIt is inherited, and cysts slowly enlarge both kidneys

Which symptoms are typical early warning signs of hypoglycaemia?

1. ADeep, rapid breathing with a fruity breath smell
2. BThirst, dry skin and passing a lot of urine
3. CSlow pulse, constipation and feeling cold
4. DShaking, sweating, hunger and a fast heartbeat

Pola napas mana yang khas untuk ketoasidosis diabetik?

1. ANapas dalam dan cepat (Kussmaul)
2. BNapas lambat dan dangkal
3. CTerengah-engah cepat dan dangkal dengan mengi
4. DPernapasan Cheyne–Stokes

Seorang pasien AKI memiliki kateter urine yang tidak mengalirkan apa pun. Pemeriksaan cepat di sisi tempat tidur mana yang membantu menyingkirkan penyebab pascarenal?

1. AMemberikan bolus besar cairan IV segera
2. BMendorong pasien minum dua liter air
3. CMengirim sampel urine untuk kultur dan menunggu hasil laboratorium
4. DMemeriksa kateter dari tekukan atau sumbatan dan melakukan bladder scan

Pola elektrolit mana yang khas untuk penyakit Addison?

1. AKalium rendah dan glukosa rendah
2. BKalsium tinggi dan fosfat rendah
3. CNatrium tinggi dan kalium rendah
4. DNatrium rendah dan kalium tinggi

A patient on peritoneal dialysis has gained weight and has higher glucose levels. Which part of the treatment is the likely cause?

1. AGlucose absorbed from the dialysis fluid
2. BProtein lost into the dialysis fluid
3. CAir entering the abdomen during exchanges
4. DSodium lost into the dialysis fluid

A patient with gastroparesis has hypos soon after their meal-time insulin, then high glucose several hours later. What is the best explanation?

1. AThe patient is secretly eating sweets between meals
2. BFood is absorbed slowly, so the insulin peaks before the glucose rises
3. CThe insulin has gone off and needs replacing
4. DThe meter gives false results for several hours after every meal

Why may HbA1c be unreliable in a patient with haemolytic anaemia or a recent large blood transfusion?

1. AThe test only measures the glucose in the plasma, not in the cells
2. BIt depends on how long red blood cells survive in the blood
3. CBlood transfusions contain large amounts of glucose
4. DAnaemia always makes the HbA1c very high