Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saraf, endokrin & ginjal dengan jawaban

What is the normal range for total serum calcium in an adult?

1. AAbout 2,2–2,6 mmol/L (8,5–10,5 mg/dL)
2. BAbout 3,5–5,0 mmol/L (14–20 mg/dL)
3. CAbout 1,0–1,5 mmol/L (4,0–6,0 mg/dL)
4. DAbout 0,7–1,0 mmol/L (2,8–4,0 mg/dL)

Kadar glukosa darah mana yang umum digunakan untuk mendefinisikan hipoglikemia pada penderita diabetes?

1. ADi bawah 1,0 mmol/L (sekitar 18 mg/dL)
2. BDi bawah 10 mmol/L (sekitar 180 mg/dL)
3. CDi bawah 4,0 mmol/L (sekitar 70 mg/dL)
4. DDi bawah 7,0 mmol/L (sekitar 126 mg/dL)

How is diabetic retinopathy usually picked up early?

1. ARegular eye screening with retinal photographs
2. BChecking the pupils with a torch at every visit
3. CA yearly blood test for HbA1c only
4. DWaiting until the patient notices blurred vision

Why is IV calcium gluconate given in severe hyperkalaemia?

1. AIt removes potassium through the kidneys
2. BIt binds potassium in the gut
3. CIt moves potassium into the cells
4. DIt protects the heart from arrhythmias

A conscious patient with a glucose of 3,1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) can swallow safely. Which is the best first treatment?

1. AGlucose tablets or a small glass of fruit juice
2. BA chocolate bar and a cup of tea with milk
3. CA dose of rapid-acting insulin with a sandwich
4. DA glass of milk and two plain biscuits

Before surgery for a phaeochromocytoma, why is an alpha-blocker started before any beta-blocker?

1. AAlpha-blockers lower the blood glucose before surgery
2. BA beta-blocker alone can cause a dangerous rise in BP
3. CThe order of the two drugs makes no difference
4. DBeta-blockers given first would make the tumour grow faster

A patient has frothy urine and marked leg swelling. Serum albumin is 18 g/L (1,8 g/dL), and BP is normal. The urine shows heavy protein but little blood. What is most likely?

1. ANephrotic syndrome
2. BA urethral stricture
3. CAcute pyelonephritis
4. DNephritic syndrome

Selama infus alteplase untuk stroke, pasien mengalami sakit kepala hebat, muntah, dan GCS yang menurun. Apa yang harus dilakukan perawat pertama kali?

1. AMemberikan sedatif untuk menenangkan pasien dan melanjutkan
2. BMemberikan antiemetik dan memeriksa ulang GCS satu jam kemudian
3. CMenghentikan infus dan segera memanggil tim stroke
4. DMempercepat infus agar selesai lebih cepat