Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saraf, endokrin & ginjal dengan jawaban

What is the most common cause of Cushing's syndrome?

1. AAn autoimmune attack on the adrenal glands
2. BA tumour of the adrenal medulla
3. CA lack of ACTH from the pituitary gland
4. DLong-term use of glucocorticoid medicines

A patient with advanced CKD has a high potassium. Which foods are often limited?

1. AEgg whites, chicken and fish
2. BApples, berries and cabbage
3. CBananas, potatoes and oranges
4. DWhite rice, pasta and bread

Bagaimana pasien dengan dugaan cedera tulang belakang harus dimiringkan?

1. ADiangkat pada lengan dan tungkai oleh satu orang
2. BDimiringkan pada bahu dahulu, lalu pinggul
3. CDengan log-roll oleh tim yang menjaga kesejajaran tulang belakang
4. DDiminta berguling perlahan sendiri

Why must Parkinson's medicines be given on time in hospital?

1. ALate doses cause the patient to develop high blood glucose
2. BLate doses build up in the blood and cause an overdose
3. CLate doses can soon cause stiffness, falls and poor swallowing
4. DGiving them on time prevents the disease from getting worse

After transsphenoidal pituitary surgery, which advice should the patient follow?

1. ALie completely flat for at least a week after surgery
2. BDrink through a straw to keep the nose clean
3. CBlow the nose often to clear any clots
4. DAvoid blowing the nose, straining and bending forward

A patient with multiple sclerosis says their symptoms get worse after a hot bath. What should the nurse explain?

1. AThey should take very cold baths to reverse the damage
2. BHot baths cause new areas of damage in the brain
3. CHeat can briefly worsen MS symptoms, which settle when they cool down
4. DThis shows that the disease has entered a new progressive stage

A patient with renal colic has normal kidney function and no other contraindications. Which drug is usually the first choice for pain?

1. AAn NSAID such as diclofenac
2. BOral paracetamol (acetaminophen) alone
3. CA benzodiazepine such as diazepam
4. DAn oral antihistamine such as cetirizine

Why might a frail 88-year-old with type 2 diabetes have a less strict HbA1c target?

1. ABecause diabetes cannot damage older people
2. BTo save money on blood tests and drugs
3. CBecause older people cannot use any glucose medicines
4. DTo reduce the risk of hypos, falls and confusion