Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saraf, endokrin & ginjal dengan jawaban

Which hormones does the adrenal medulla release?

1. ACortisol and aldosterone
2. BAdrenaline and noradrenaline
3. CInsulin and glucagon
4. DThyroxine and calcitonin

Why is dexamethasone often given to patients with a brain tumour?

1. ATo reduce swelling around the tumour
2. BTo kill the tumour cells directly
3. CTo prevent infection after a biopsy
4. DTo raise the blood pressure

What is Trousseau's sign?

1. ATwitching of the face when the cheek is tapped
2. BPain in the calf when the foot is bent upwards
3. CHand spasm when a BP cuff is inflated on the arm
4. DBruising around the eyes after a head injury

A stroke patient speaks fluently, but the words make little sense, and they do not follow simple instructions. Which type of aphasia is this?

1. AGlobal aphasia with no speech at all
2. BExpressive (Broca's) aphasia
3. CDysarthria from facial weakness
4. DReceptive (Wernicke's) aphasia

Seorang pasien memiliki hipertensi yang sulit dikendalikan dan kalium rendah yang menetap, tanpa mengonsumsi diuretik. Kondisi mana yang harus dipertimbangkan?

1. AHipotiroidisme primer
2. BInsufisiensi adrenal primer (Addison)
3. CHiperaldosteronisme primer (Conn)
4. DDiabetes insipidus sentral

In the first trimester of pregnancy, why is propylthiouracil often preferred to carbimazole for hyperthyroidism?

1. ACarbimazole has a higher risk of birth defects early on
2. BCarbimazole cannot cross into the mother's blood
3. CPropylthiouracil has no side effects at all
4. DPropylthiouracil works faster than any other drug

A day after a total thyroidectomy, a patient has tingling lips, a positive Chvostek's sign and a corrected calcium of 1,85 mmol/L (about 7,4 mg/dL). What does the nurse expect?

1. AA loop diuretic to remove the extra calcium
2. BOral levothyroxine, with a recheck of the calcium in a month
3. CIV calcium gluconate and monitoring for laryngospasm
4. DIV potassium chloride and a fluid restriction

A patient with known back pain says they now cannot feel the skin between their legs and have not passed urine for 12 hours. What should happen?

1. AA laxative and review in the clinic in a month
2. BAdvice to rest at home and take stronger painkillers
3. CA routine physiotherapy appointment next week
4. DUrgent MRI and referral to the spinal surgeons