Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saraf, endokrin & ginjal dengan jawaban

Why is dexamethasone often given to patients with a brain tumour?

1. ATo prevent infection after a biopsy
2. BTo raise the blood pressure
3. CTo kill the tumour cells directly
4. DTo reduce swelling around the tumour

Why can a new arteriovenous fistula not be used straight away?

1. AThe vein needs weeks to enlarge and thicken
2. BThe artery must first grow back to its full size
3. CThe arm must be in plaster for a month
4. DThe stitches must be removed first

How do sulfonylureas such as gliclazide lower blood glucose?

1. AThey slow down the absorption of food
2. BThey replace insulin that the body lacks
3. CThey make the kidneys pass more glucose
4. DThey make the pancreas release more insulin

Seorang pasien dengan stroke hemisfer kanan mengabaikan makanan di sisi kiri piring. Apa nama kondisi ini?

1. AAtaksia serebelar
2. BNeglect sisi kiri
3. CAfasia ekspresif
4. DDisfagia

Which long-term risk should a kidney transplant recipient be taught to reduce with sun protection?

1. AKidney stones
2. BHair loss
3. CSkin cancer
4. DGout

Why may a person with long-standing diabetes have a heart attack without typical chest pain?

1. ANerve damage can blunt the pain signals
2. BPeople with diabetes do not have heart attacks
3. CHigh glucose protects the heart from pain
4. DInsulin acts as a strong painkiller

A patient with SIADH needs IV fluid. Which fluid is most likely to worsen the hyponatraemia?

1. A5% glucose (dextrose, D5W)
2. B8,4% sodium bicarbonate
3. C3% saline
4. D20% human albumin

A patient with type 1 diabetes is vomiting at home. Their glucose is 12 mmol/L (216 mg/dL), and blood ketones are 3,5 mmol/L. What advice is correct?

1. AStop insulin until the vomiting has settled
2. BSeek urgent hospital assessment for possible DKA
3. CDrink less fluid to stop the vomiting
4. DWait until the glucose is above 20 mmol/L (360 mg/dL)