Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saraf, endokrin & ginjal dengan jawaban

Which serum sodium result shows hyponatraemia in an adult?

1. A129 mmol/L
2. B147 mmol/L
3. C142 mmol/L
4. D138 mmol/L

How do sulfonylureas such as gliclazide lower blood glucose?

1. AThey make the pancreas release more insulin
2. BThey replace insulin that the body lacks
3. CThey make the kidneys pass more glucose
4. DThey slow down the absorption of food

Which is the most important modifiable risk factor for stroke?

1. AOlder age
2. BFamily history of stroke
3. CMale sex
4. DHigh blood pressure

Which measure best prevents catheter-associated urinary tract infection?

1. ADisconnect the bag regularly to empty it
2. BChange the catheter for a new one every day
3. CRemove the catheter as soon as it is no longer needed
4. DKeep the drainage bag above bladder level

Why should antiepileptic drugs not be stopped suddenly?

1. AThe drugs build up in the body and become toxic after stopping
2. BStopping them suddenly causes a dangerous rise in blood pressure
3. CSudden withdrawal can trigger seizures, including status epilepticus
4. DStopping them suddenly causes permanent damage to the liver and kidneys

A patient's fistula starts to bleed at home after the needles were removed. What should they do first?

1. AWait for the next dialysis session
2. BApply a tight tourniquet above the fistula
3. CPress firmly on the site with clean gauze
4. DRaise the arm and let it bleed freely

Dua hari setelah cedera medula spinalis C5, seorang pasien cemas, dengan laju napas 30/menit dan kapasitas vital yang menurun. Apa yang harus dilakukan perawat?

1. ASegera eskalasi: edema medula dapat menyebabkan gagal napas
2. BMembaringkan pasien datar dengan kepala ditengadahkan untuk membuka jalan napas
3. CMemeriksa ulang kapasitas vital sekitar 12 jam lagi
4. DMemberikan sedatif untuk memperlambat napas dan meredakan kecemasan

Six weeks after a kidney transplant, a patient has a fever, tenderness over the graft, less urine and a rising creatinine. What is most likely?

1. AAcute rejection, needing urgent transplant team review
2. BA side effect of sun exposure
3. CA normal finding as the kidney settles in
4. DDehydration that needs only more oral fluids and rest