Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saraf, endokrin & ginjal dengan jawaban

Which description best fits an absence seizure?

1. AA brief staring spell of a few seconds with a quick return to normal
2. BStiffening and then jerking of all four limbs for several minutes
3. CJerking that starts in one hand and spreads up the arm
4. DA sudden loss of muscle tone that makes the person fall

Which is a common cause of a low potassium level?

1. ATaking a loop diuretic such as furosemide
2. BAdvanced chronic kidney disease
3. CAddison's disease
4. DTaking an ACE inhibitor such as ramipril

What is an early sign of kidney damage from diabetes?

1. APain felt in both kidneys at night
2. BA very low blood urea level
3. CSmall amounts of albumin in the urine
4. DBlood in the urine that is visible

Which CSF result is most typical of bacterial meningitis?

1. ACloudy fluid, many neutrophils, low glucose and high protein
2. BClear fluid, many lymphocytes, normal glucose and slightly raised protein
3. CClear fluid with normal cells, glucose and protein
4. DBlood-stained fluid that clears in later tubes

Before a haemodialysis catheter is used, why is the lock solution withdrawn from each lumen?

1. AIt contains concentrated anticoagulant
2. BIt contains air that keeps the line open
3. CIt contains a strong antibiotic that must be kept
4. DIt contains the patient's urine

Pasien yang menggunakan fenitoin jangka panjang harus diedukasi tentang efek samping mana?

1. AGangguan pendengaran bertahap dan permanen
2. BRambut rontok di kulit kepala pada hampir semua pasien
3. CPenurunan berat badan dan tidak tahan panas
4. DPertumbuhan berlebih gusi, sehingga kebersihan mulut yang baik penting

A patient with CKD has a high phosphate, a low calcium and a high PTH. What does this show?

1. APrimary hyperparathyroidism from a tumour
2. BHypoparathyroidism after neck surgery
3. CToo much vitamin D from supplements
4. DSecondary hyperparathyroidism from CKD

After a TURP, a patient on bladder irrigation has bladder spasms. The drainage has slowed and contains clots, and the bag holds less than the irrigant given. What should the nurse do first?

1. AEncourage the patient to strain to pass the clots
2. BTurn off the irrigation and leave the catheter alone
3. CGive an antispasmodic and recheck in four hours
4. DSuspect a clot in the catheter and follow the protocol