Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saraf, endokrin & ginjal dengan jawaban

Mengapa CT scan kepala harus dilakukan sebelum trombolisis untuk stroke?

1. AUntuk memeriksa apakah pasien pernah mengalami stroke sebelumnya
2. BUntuk menyingkirkan perdarahan, yang akan diperburuk oleh trombolisis
3. CUntuk mengukur sudah berapa lama gejala dimulai
4. DUntuk melihat apakah pasien juga mengalami fraktur tengkorak

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis typically follows which event?

1. AAn episode of bloody diarrhoea from food poisoning
2. BA kidney stone passed the week before
3. CA long course of antibiotics for pneumonia
4. DA throat or skin infection a few weeks earlier

Gangguan elektrolit mana yang merupakan komplikasi berbahaya dari gagal ginjal?

1. AHipernatremia
2. BHiperkalsemia
3. CHipokalemia
4. DHiperkalemia

A man starts tamsulosin for BPH. Which teaching point is most important?

1. AStop it if the urine stream improves
2. BStand up slowly, because it can make you dizzy
3. CExpect the drug to shrink the prostate within a day
4. DTake it with grapefruit juice to make it work better

Why is an ACE inhibitor often given to a patient with diabetes and albumin in the urine?

1. AIt raises potassium to protect the heart
2. BIt protects the kidneys and reduces albumin loss
3. CIt lowers the blood glucose to normal
4. DIt stops the kidneys from passing so much urine at night

Why are insulin and glucose given together to treat hyperkalaemia?

1. AInsulin makes the kidneys pass more potassium in the urine
2. BGlucose binds the potassium in the blood and removes it
3. CInsulin moves potassium into cells; glucose prevents a hypo
4. DInsulin protects the heart muscle cells from the potassium

After a stroke, a patient suddenly cries or laughs at odd moments. They say they do not feel sad. Which response is most appropriate?

1. AIgnore it, because it shows that the patient is seeking attention from the staff
2. BTell the patient that crying will slow their recovery
3. CExplain that this is emotional lability after stroke and help the family understand
4. DAsk the doctor for a sedative to stop the outbursts

A patient with CKD has a high phosphate, a low calcium and a high PTH. What does this show?

1. AHypoparathyroidism after neck surgery
2. BToo much vitamin D from supplements
3. CSecondary hyperparathyroidism from CKD
4. DPrimary hyperparathyroidism from a tumour