Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saraf, endokrin & ginjal dengan jawaban

Apa pertolongan pertama yang benar selama kejang tonik-klonik umum?

1. AMendudukkan orang tersebut dan memberi seteguk air untuk mencegah tersedak
2. BMengganjal kepala, mencatat waktu kejang, dan tidak memasukkan apa pun ke mulut
3. CMemasukkan sendok atau jalan napas plastik di antara gigi secepat mungkin
4. DMenahan lengan dan tungkai dengan kuat sampai kejangnya berhenti

Which heart rhythm greatly increases the risk of an embolic stroke?

1. AFirst-degree heart block
2. BSinus arrhythmia
3. CAtrial fibrillation
4. DSinus bradycardia

What is the main cause of type 1 diabetes?

1. AAutoimmune destruction of the insulin-making beta cells
2. BA lack of glucagon from the pancreas
3. CEating too much sugar and sweet food during childhood
4. DInsulin resistance caused mainly by excess body weight

Bagaimana cairan dialisis peritoneal dihangatkan sebelum digunakan?

1. ADalam penghangat panas kering khusus
2. BDalam mangkuk air keran panas
3. CDigunakan dingin dari lemari es
4. DDalam oven microwave

Why should long-term steroid treatment not be stopped suddenly?

1. AThe steroids build up and become toxic after they are stopped
2. BStopping suddenly makes the bones grow too quickly and then fracture
3. CStopping causes the blood glucose to fall sharply
4. DThe suppressed adrenal glands cannot make enough cortisol at once

Why does a patient with untreated hypothyroidism need extra care when given opioids or sedatives?

1. AThey break the drugs down slowly and are more sensitive to them
2. BThere is no difference compared with other patients
3. CThese drugs make the thyroid gland overactive
4. DThey clear the drugs too fast, so higher doses are needed

Seorang pasien hipotiroidisme yang melewatkan obat selama berminggu-minggu dirawat dengan hipotermia dan mengantuk, nadi 46/menit, natrium rendah, dan PaCO₂ meningkat. Kondisi mana yang paling mungkin?

1. AKoma miksedema
2. BSengatan panas
3. CKrisis adrenal
4. DBadai tiroid

A patient arrives five hours after the onset of a stroke. A CT angiogram shows a blockage of a large artery in the brain. What is the most appropriate next step?

1. AUrgent referral for assessment for mechanical thrombectomy
2. BNo treatment, because the time for any reperfusion has passed
3. CGive aspirin and plan a review on the ward tomorrow
4. DStart IV alteplase immediately without further imaging