Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saraf, endokrin & ginjal dengan jawaban

Which ECG change is typical of hyperkalaemia?

1. AA shortened PR interval
2. BTall, peaked T waves
3. CFlattened T waves
4. DProminent U waves

Which common painkiller can harm the kidneys, especially in dehydration?

1. AParacetamol (acetaminophen)
2. BIbuprofen
3. CCodeine
4. DMorphine

What is the normal range for serum potassium in an adult?

1. AAbout 3,5–5,0 mmol/L
2. BAbout 135–145 mmol/L
3. CAbout 6,0–7,5 mmol/L
4. DAbout 1,5–2,5 mmol/L

Mengapa metformin biasanya ditahan selama cedera ginjal akut atau di sekitar kontras beryodium pada pasien berisiko?

1. AMenghalangi kontras sehingga pemindaian tidak dapat dibaca
2. BMenyebabkan hipoglikemia berat bila diberikan bersama kontras
3. CMenyebabkan hiperkalemia saat ginjal cedera
4. DDapat menumpuk dan meningkatkan risiko asidosis laktat

Before surgery for a phaeochromocytoma, why is an alpha-blocker started before any beta-blocker?

1. AAlpha-blockers lower the blood glucose before surgery
2. BA beta-blocker alone can cause a dangerous rise in BP
3. CBeta-blockers given first would make the tumour grow faster
4. DThe order of the two drugs makes no difference

Pernyataan mana tentang insulin basal kerja panjang seperti glargin yang benar?

1. AMemiliki puncak kerja tajam sekitar 30 menit setelah injeksi
2. BPada diabetes tipe 1 insulin ini dilanjutkan bahkan saat pasien tidak makan
3. CHanya diberikan setelah makan besar untuk menutupi karbohidrat
4. DDicampur dengan insulin kerja cepat dalam spuit yang sama

A man who takes tamsulosin for BPH is listed for cataract surgery. Which statement is correct?

1. AIt should be swapped for oxybutynin the night before to protect the eye
2. BTamsulosin has no effects outside the urinary tract, so nothing changes
3. CThe eye surgeon must be told, as it can cause floppy iris during surgery
4. DThe dose should be doubled before surgery to prevent urinary retention

A patient with type 1 diabetes is vomiting at home. Their glucose is 12 mmol/L (216 mg/dL), and blood ketones are 3,5 mmol/L. What advice is correct?

1. ADrink less fluid to stop the vomiting
2. BWait until the glucose is above 20 mmol/L (360 mg/dL)
3. CStop insulin until the vomiting has settled
4. DSeek urgent hospital assessment for possible DKA