Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saraf, endokrin & ginjal dengan jawaban

A patient with Bell's palsy cannot close one eye fully. Which advice is most important?

1. ALeave the eye uncovered so air can dry it out
2. BMassage the closed eyeball firmly several times every day
3. CUse lubricating eye drops and protect or tape the eye at night
4. DWear contact lenses to keep the eye moist

Which statement about adult polycystic kidney disease is correct?

1. AIt is caused by drinking too little water
2. BIt only ever affects one of the two kidneys
3. CIt is caused by repeated urinary infections
4. DIt is inherited, and cysts slowly enlarge both kidneys

Which hourly urine output is usually taken as the minimum acceptable for an adult?

1. AAbout 0,05 mL/kg per hour
2. BAbout 10 mL/kg per hour
3. CAbout 0,5 mL/kg per hour
4. DAbout 5 mL/kg per hour

Why is pyridostigmine often taken about 30–60 minutes before meals by patients with myasthenia gravis?

1. ATo improve the strength of chewing and swallowing at mealtimes
2. BTo reduce stomach acid so the food is digested better
3. CTo lower the blood glucose rise after eating a meal
4. DTo stop the drug from irritating an empty stomach later on

Why might a patient taking a beta-blocker not notice a hypoglycaemic episode?

1. ABeta-blockers make the patient sleep through every hypo
2. BBeta-blockers can mask the tremor and racing heart of a hypo
3. CBeta-blockers block the effect of all diabetes medicines
4. DBeta-blockers raise blood glucose, so hypos cannot happen

Apa pemicu paling umum disrefleksia otonom pada pasien cedera medula spinalis?

1. AKadar glukosa darah rendah
2. BTidur dalam waktu lama
3. CKandung kemih penuh atau kateter tersumbat
4. DMakan besar yang terlalu cepat pada malam hari

Seorang pasien hemodialisis bertanya mengapa cairan di antara sesi harus dibatasi. Penjelasan mana yang benar?

1. APembatasan cairan terutama untuk mempersingkat waktu di mesin
2. BCairan tambahan melemahkan dinding fistula dan membuatnya lebih mungkin pecah
3. CMinum air membuat dialisis mengeluarkan terlalu banyak kalium dari darah
4. DCairan berlebih menumpuk, menaikkan TD dan menyebabkan sesak napas serta kram saat dialisis

Seorang pasien hemodialisis dengan kateter vena sentral bertunnel mengalami demam dan menggigil tak lama setelah dialisis dimulai. Apa yang harus dicurigai dan dilakukan perawat?

1. AEmboli udara; miringkan pasien kepala tinggi dan lanjutkan
2. BReaksi normal terhadap dialisis; lanjutkan dan hanya berikan parasetamol
3. CDisekuilibrium dialisis; percepat dialisis agar selesai lebih cepat
4. DInfeksi aliran darah terkait kateter; hentikan, ambil kultur, dan eskalasi